Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease of the lungs that is usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nearly one-third of the world's population is currently infected with latent TB, and millions of individuals develop the active, potentially fatal form of the
disease each year. The continuing emergence and spread of drug-resistant TB strains is one of the most difficult challenges facing control of the disease.

Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines all aspects of M. tuberculosis biology, transmission, and infection, as well as ongoing strategies to treat and control it. Contributors explore the biological characteristics of M.
tuberculosis, its complex interactions with the human immune system, and factors that influence the progression from latent to active TB disease (e.g., coinfection with HIV/AIDS). The clinical manifestations of TB, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, are fully described and illustrated.

This volume also includes discussions of recent advances in the development of diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines, as well as strategies for enhanced implementation of existing interventions. It is an essential reference for microbiologists, immunologists, pathologists, epidemiologists, and
clinicians, and all who wish to understand and combat this global health burden.


Table of Contents:
Preface SECTION 1: VACCINES, IMMUNOLOGY, HOST CELLS, AND BIOMARKERS Cell-Autonomous Effector Mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis - John D. MacMicking Manipulation of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System by Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino and Olivier Neyrolles Interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Host Cell Death Pathways - Lalitha Srinivasan, Sarah Ahlbrand, and Volker Briken Autophagy in Tuberculosis - Vojo Deretic Innate and Adaptive Cellular Immune Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber and Daniel L. Barber Antigens for CD4 and CD8 T Cells in Tuberculosis - Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn, David Lewinsohn, Alessandro Sette, and Deborah Lewinsohn Nonclassical T Cells and Their Antigens in Tuberculosis - Gennaro De Libero, Amit Singhal, Marco Lepore, and Lucia Mori Role of B Cells and Antibodies in Acquired Immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Jacqueline M. Achkar, John Chan, and Arturo Casadevall Immunity and Immunopathology in the Tuberculous Granuloma - Antonio J. Pagán and Lalita Ramakrishnan Novel Vaccination Strategies against Tuberculosis - Peter Andersen and Stefan H.E. Kaufmann Toward a Unified Biosignature for Tuberculosis - Jeroen Maertzdorf, Stefan H.E. Kaufmann, and January Weiner III Clinical Immunology and Multiplex Biomarkers of Human Tuberculosis - Gerhard Walzl, Mariëlle C. Haks, Simone A. Joosten, Léanie Kleynhans, Katharina Ronacher, and Tom H.M. Ottenhoff Mouse Model of Tuberculosis - Andrea M. Cooper Animal Models of Tuberculosis: Guinea Pigs - Simon Clark, Yper Hall, and Ann Williams Animal Models of Tuberculosis: Zebrafish - Lisanne M. van Leeuwen, Astrid M. van der Sar, and Wilbert Bitter Modeling Tuberculosis in Nonhuman Primates - Charles A. Scanga and JoAnne L. Flynn SECTION 2: DRUGS AND BIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS Mycobacterial Growth - Iria Uhía, Kerstin J. Williams, Vahid Shahrezaei, and Brian D. Robertson The Mycobacterial Cell Envelope–Lipids - Mary Jackson The Mycobacterial Cell Wall–Peptidoglycan and Arabinogalactan - Luke J. Alderwick, James Harrison, Georgina S. Lloyd, and Helen L. Birch Mycobacterium tuberculosis Metabolism - Digby F. Warner Genetic Approaches to Facilitate Antibacterial Drug Development - Dirk Schnappinger Tuberculosis Drug Development: History and Evolution of the Mechanism-Based Paradigm - Sumit Chakraborty and Kyu Y. Rhee The Tuberculosis Drug Discovery and Development Pipeline and Emerging Drug Targets - Khisimuzi Mdluli, Takushi Kaneko, and Anna Upton Pharmacologic Considerations in Use and Development of Antituberculosis Drugs - Geraint Davies Diversity and Evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Moving to Whole-Genome-Based Approaches - Stefan Niemann and Philip Supply Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis - David M. Tobin Comparative Genomics of Mycobacteria: Some Answers, Yet More New Questions - Marcel A. Behr SECTION 3: CLINICAL TUBERCULOSIS Global Epidemiology of Tuberculosis - Philippe Glaziou, Charalambos Sismanidis, Katherine Floyd, and Mario Raviglione Advances in Diagnostic Assays for Tuberculosis - Steven D. Lawn Imaging in Tuberculosis - Jamshed B. Bomanji, Narainder Gupta, Parveen Gulati, and Chandan J. Das Tuberculosis Treatment and Drug Regimens - Giovanni Sotgiu, Rosella Centis, Lia D’ambrosio, and Giovanni Battista Migliori Diagnosis and Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection - Laura Muñoz, Helen R. Stagg, and Ibrahim Abubakar Clinical Aspects of Adult Tuberculosis - Robert Loddenkemper, Marc Lipman, and Alimuddin Zumla Tuberculosis in Children - Ben J. Marais and H. Simon Schaaf Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis - Kwonjune J. Seung, Salmaan Keshavjee, and Michael L. Rich Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection - Judith Bruchfeld, Margarida Correia-Neves, and Gunilla Källenius Tuberculosis Comorbidity with Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases - Matthew Bates, Ben J. Marais, and Alimuddin Zumla Transmission and Institutional Infection Control of Tuberculosis - Edward A. Nardell