1.1 General Introduction-
Before the nineth century, the chemist generally believed that compounds obtained from
living organisms were endowed with the vital force that distinguished them from inorganic
compounds. According to the concept of vitalism ( vital force theory) organic matter was
endowed with the "vital force"1 During the first half of the nine th century, some of
organic compounds were reported. Around 1816 Michel chevreul started a study of soaps made
of various fats and alkali es. He separated the different acids that, in combination with
the alkali, produced the soap. Since these were all individuals compounds, he demonstrated
that it was possible to make a chemical change in various fats (which traditionally come
from organic sources.) producing new compounds, without "vital force"
Wohler was always cautious about claiming that he had disproved the theory of vital force, this
event has often been thought of as a turning point1
Organic chemistry is a chemistry, sub disciplined involving the scientific study
of the structure, properties, and reaction of organic compounds and organic materials
that is, matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms 2 3. study of structure
include using spectroscopy (eg. NM R), mass spectrometry, and other physical and
chemical methods to determine the chemical composition and constitution of organic
compounds and materials. Study of properties include both physical properties and
chemical properties, and uses similar methods as well as methods to evaluate chemical
reactivity, with the aim to understand the behaviour of the organic matter in its pure form
(when possible), but also in solutions, mixtures, and fabricated forms. The study of
organic reactions includes probing their scope,
