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A Study of "Mind-Liberation/Wisdom-Liberation" in Nikāya and Āgama Sutra

A Study of "Mind-Liberation/Wisdom-Liberation" in Nikāya and Āgama Sutra

          
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About the Book

心解脫、慧解脫歷來在中國、西方與日本的學界有不少的研究,最典型的例子是,針對《須深經》的探討以及衍生出的諸多問題,使得學界和教界對心解脫、慧解脫的內涵及修學過程,產生了分歧。本文的研究主要包括以下三個方面的內容:

第一,研究心解脫與研究慧解脫同樣重要,決不能把"慧解脫"簡單等同於"幹觀者"有臺灣學者認為心解脫對於研究慧解脫沒有幫助,所以不必要研究它。而圍繞著"慧解脫"的問題則更多。中、西、日的學者們經過多年對慧解脫的研究,他們提出:慧解脫成就者缺乏"止",也就是禪定的基礎,所以稱之為"幹觀者"。這被目前多數學者與行者所公認。於是,他們試圖從巴利注釋書(五世紀斯里蘭卡覺音論師對巴利《尼柯耶》的注釋本,包含《清淨道論》等)中找到論點依據來證實這一思想,發現無論是《尼柯耶》還是注釋書中,記載慧解脫屬於"幹觀者"的論典依據出自《清淨道論》中僅有兩處。原因在於,歷來研究慧解脫的學者們,他們主要依據覺音論師 (Buddhaghosa)《清淨道論》與《阿含經》有關的經典是《須深經》,學者們以《須深經》為依據,進而研究出的結果是慧解脫與"幹觀者"有關。由此,該論點被公認,成為板上釘釘的論述。但是,筆者的研究發現:學者們以往的研究似乎忽略了《尼柯耶》及《阿含經》的經文原意,很少有學者能真正進入到經典當中來討論慧解脫的思想。雖然西方學者L.S. Cousins及Richard Gombrich也有一定的經典依據,但在論述慧解脫的問題上他們的論證與結論並不完善。日本及其他國家地區的學者們也大多如此。實際上,在《尼柯耶》及《阿含經》中經過仔細閱讀,筆者初步得出的結論為:

在《須深經》中,提到須深婆羅門向幾位慧解脫羅漢提問他們解脫的內容時,發現他們既不具備四禪,又不具備羅漢該有的解脫境界。但那些被問的慧解脫比丘,非常明確地告訴須深婆羅門,無論你信不信,我就是慧解脫羅漢。就是這部經導致了後來的慧解脫研究者們不斷地衍生出慧解脫與"幹觀者"的課題,造成兩者之間的密切關係。然而,在《尼柯耶》及《阿含經》中,除了這部經記載慧解脫羅漢是這樣的狀態,其餘經典並沒有提及。

實際上,經典中單獨出現慧解脫的時候,其意義跟"幹觀者"並沒有關聯;至於心解脫、慧解脫同時出現的經典中,兩者幾乎是同義詞(也就是成就心解脫同時就等於成就慧解脫,反之亦然)。筆者據此得出的結論是,心解脫、慧解脫同時出現時,代表著一種可能是定(與)慧的解脫境界。"心解脫"單獨出現在經文中時,有幾種情況:其一,屬於梵天所修的法門;其二,屬於心從煩惱中得解脫的境界;其三,心解脫不能被亡失或遺落,它在解脫路途中扮演著極為重要的角色。只要將它發揮到極致,就是邁向解脫的最好方法之一。對於佛教修行者而言,掌握正確的方法,如同手握地圖般,行穩致遠。本文依據《尼柯耶》及《阿含經》原文,深入探討心解脫、慧解脫的內涵,並以此作為本研究的方向,期望帶來新的研究成果。從經典中尋找心解脫、慧解脫的真面貌,能幫助自己與有緣人獲得確切及有效的方法,進入心解脫、慧解脫的境界。



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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9788269253924
  • Publisher: Shih Doan- Dharma Word eBook Publishing
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Chinese
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 294 gr
  • ISBN-10: 8269253928
  • Publisher Date: 01 Jun 2021
  • Height: 203 mm
  • No of Pages: 328
  • Spine Width: 21 mm
  • Width: 127 mm


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