THE RIVERS OF AMERICA Edited by STEPHEN VINCENT BENET and CARL CARMER As Planned and Started y CONSTANCE LINDSAY SKINNER Art Editor E.. ANDERSON ..... Books by Henry Beston THE OUTERMOST HOUSE HERBS AND THE EARTH AMERICAN MEMORY THE ST. LAWRENCE Rivers of America boohs already published are KENNEBEC by Robert P. Tristram Coffin UPPER MISSISSIPPI by Waiter Havighurst SUWANNEE RIVER by Cecile Hulse MatscKat POWDER RIVER by Strutners Burt THE JAMES by Blair Niles THE HUDSON by Carl Carmer THE SACRAMENTO by Julian Dana THE WABASH by William E. Wilson THE ARKANSAS, by Clyde Brion Davis THE DELAWARE by Harry Emerson Wildes THE ILLINOIS by James Gray THE KAW by Floyd Benjamin Streeter THE BRANDYWINE by Henry Seidel Canby THE CHARLES by Arthur Bernon Tourtellot THE KENTUCKY by T. D. Clark THE SANGAMON by Edgar Lee Masters THE ALLEGHENY by Frederick Way, Jr. THE WISCONSIN by August Derletn LOWER MISSISSIPPI by Hodding Carter THE ST. LAWRENCE by HENRY BES TON Illustrated try A. Y. IBt C OR OR A TTEfe, New York Toronto COPYRIGHT, 1942, BY HENRY BESTON PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA BY J. J. LITTLE ANI IVES COMPANY, NEW YORK ALL RIGHTS RESERVED To the Abbe Albert Testier WHO GUARDS AND CHERISHES THE INHERITANCE OF HIS PEOPLE Preface I WRITING this book I have tried first and fore most to keep my eyes on the river itself. It is not a chronological or anecdotal history of Laurentian Can ada where men and events appear in these pages they have seemed to me to have a living relation to the river. I have divided the book in the following manner the first third is concerned with the past, the second with the present, and the last third with the almost timeless forces of nature neighboring the river and its coasts. The reader will find that the book largely concerns it self with the French regions of the St. Lawrence, for there is the river at its greatest and there is human life most shaped by its presence and influences. Perhaps above all what I have tried to give is a sense of the St. Lawrence as a part of the scale and vastness of our North America. Living in eastern Maine and scarce two hundred miles from what we all call the line, I have long been familiar with the river and its people. The uninhabited range of the frontier separates our completely different worlds but the north which is our common inheritance makes us neighbors. The world of Katahdin and the white pine and the world of the Mont Ste. Anne and the dense spruce both know what it is like when the northeaster darkens the alrjafidy darkened twilight with the thickening onrush of the snow. During the course of these last few years, I have X PREFACE sought out many to each side o the line and wish to thank them here for the courtesy and particular good will with which they gave me every help and aid. Vil lage cures of the river parishes, university scholars, busy librarians, officials at Ottawa and Quebec, boatmen, eel catchers, farmers, and woodcutters how friendly they all were. Beginning at home, I wish to thank my wife, Elizabeth Coatsworth Beston, my companion in so many of these adventures, for her unfailing help and wisest counsel, for her encouragement and her adven turous willingness to try the road ahead. I wish to thank my friend the Abbe Albert Tessier who welcomed me to the river and gave me the letters and good counsel which opened so many a door. I would thank my friend Dr. D. A. Dery of Quebec, founder of the Societe Provancher the society which preserves and studies the great world of nature on the river to him and to his scientific knowledge so genially and freely given I confess a very great obligation. I would thank my friend Miss Hazel Boswell of Quebec for sharing with me her profound and sympathetic insight into the spirit of the habitant world and its legends I would thank my friend Mrs. Carroll White born Mile...