A Complete History of Scotland from Start to FinishA sense of poetic irony registers when one learns that Scotland has never won a major military battle when the odds were in their favor.[1] In 1513, the largest Scottish army to ever invade England was defeated by a significantly smaller English army at Flodden Field. In only two hours, the Scots lost ten thousand men. History repeated itself in 1542, when a Scottish army of 15,000 men was defeated by only 3,000 English soldiers. Despite their much smaller numbers, the English managed to take 1,200 Scottish men as prisoners. This humiliating defeat eventually contributed to the demise of King James V.The massive global success of Braveheart, Mel Gibson's Oscar-winning blockbuster epic medieval war film, has helped perpetuate a seductive image of the Scottish as being valiant underdogs, possessors of a brand of earthly pride that serve them well in conflicts with their more powerful southern neighbor. Historical facts do corroborate this impression. When they were pitted against English forces that easily outranked them in numbers and technological sophistication, the Scottish prevailed. William Wallace's victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297 is probably the best example of Scottish resilience against the odds. Robert the Bruce has a similar claim to fame with the Battle of Bannockburn seventeen years later when his men defeated an English army that was three times as massive.The very idea of "Scottishness" is inseparable from an opposition to Englishness. England's influence on its northern neighbor after it became the most powerful political force in the British Isles by 1100 cannot be understated. However, Scotland has long insisted on being a separate country on a shared island. Historical fact and myth has been resolutely channeled into the creation of a distinct national identity over the centuries.For the majority of human history, however, there was no Scotland, Wales, Ireland, or England to speak of.[2] Scotland is derived from the Latin Scotia, which means land of the Scots.[3] The Scots were a Celtic people of Irish origins who decided to settle on the west coast of Great Britain during 5th century AD. The people who inhabited Scotia, which only meant the entire kingdom north of England during Alexander II's reign, were certainly not monolingual or monocultural. As the Scottish language slowly became the lingua franca of the entire nation, it had to coexist with Celtic, Gaelic, and Norwegian.Here Is A Preview Of What You Will Get:

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