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SAP HANA Administration

SAP HANA Administration

          
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About the Book

Who says that a leopard can’t change its spots? With the advent of SAP HANA, database administration is evolving—and you can evolve along with it. Learn how traditional administration concepts are applied in SAP HANA, and find out about the new concepts relevant to an in-memory database. Novice or expert, this book will help you sharpen your skills.
Go under the hood of SAP HANA: architecture, administration tools, objects, and more
Manage high availability, backup, and recovery
Get hands-on advice about user management, roles, and privileges
In this book, you'll learn about:

The SAP HANA Difference
Learn about how SAP HANA is different from a traditional database, and what this means for you.

Key Concepts
You know what tables, objects, sessions, and transactions are—now learn how to work with them in SAP HANA.

The Missing Pieces
Got bits of knowledge from various sources? This book will fill in the gaps with the complete picture of administration for SAP HANA.

Highlights include:
Architecture
Administration tools
Installation and updates
Scale-out
Backup, recover, and high availability
Repository and catalog objects
Tables
Sessions and transactions
User management and security
Roles and privileges
Performance analysis
Monitoring and root-cause analysis

About the Author

Richard Bremer works in SAP HANA product management and has been involved with SAP in-memory technologies since 2008. Lars Breddemann is an SAP HANA product expert and SAP HANA Distinguished Engineer who has worked with SAP and databases since 1998.



Table of Contents:
Preface Although the variety of components and setup options for SAP HANA may seem confusing, the system is not so complex if you understand the building blocks. The purpose of our first chapter is to help you understand how simple and beautiful SAP HANA systems really are. 1. Architecture of the SAP HANA Database 1.1 The Basics 1.2 The Physical View: SAP HANA Servers 1.2.1 Data and Processing Layer 1.2.2 Persistence Layer 1.2.3 Network Layer 1.3 The Operating System View: Database Processes 1.3.1 System Start 1.3.2 Core Database Processes 1.3.3 SAP HANA Auxiliary Processes 1.3.4 Further Auxiliary Processes 1.4 The Logical View: Internal Architecture of the Database 1.4.1 Index Server Architecture 1.4.2 XS Server Architecture 1.5 Distributed SAP HANA Systems 1.5.1 The Name Server in Distributed Systems 1.5.2 Distributed Index Servers: Data and Query Distribution 1.5.3 Distributed Persistence 1.6 The Appliance Concept of SAP HANA 1.6.1 SAP HANA Appliance Offerings 1.6.2 Tailored Data Center Integration 1.6.3 Hosting and Cloud Offerings 1.6.4 Generic Deployment Considerations 1.7 Release Cycles of SAP HANA Database Software 1.7.1 Support Package Stacks 1.7.2 Revisions 1.8 Summary There are multiple fundamentally different ways of making use of SAP HANA systems. In this chapter, we give some hints about where you will have to invest time and skills for your planned or running SAP HANA implementations. 2. SAP HANA Scenarios: Administration Considerations 2.1 SAP HANA as a Database in Application Servers 2.1.1 SAP HANA Accelerators for SAP Applications 2.1.2 SAP HANA as the Primary Database for SAP BW Systems 2.1.3 SAP HANA as the Primary Database for SAP Business Suite 2.2 SAP HANA as a Development Platform 2.2.1 Data Marts with SAP HANA (Standalone Implementation) 2.2.2 Applications in SAP HANA 2.3 Mixed Scenarios 2.3.1 SAP HANA Representations of SAP BW Models 2.3.2 Consumption of SAP HANA Models through the SAP BW Layer 2.4 Summary Although installing and updating an SAP HANA database is a task that you will not normally do every day, there are still multiple tools and mechanisms for this purpose. 3. Installation and Updates 3.1 Preparing for Installation and Updates 3.1.1 Skill Set 3.1.2 Server Hardware 3.1.3 Operating System 3.1.4 File System Setup 3.2 Tools for Installing and Updating SAP HANA Systems 3.2.1 Installation Tools 3.2.2 Update Tools 3.3 Installing an SAP HANA Database 3.3.1 Downloading and Preparing the Software 3.3.2 Running the Installation Tool 3.4 Updating an SAP HANA Database 3.4.1 Prerequisites 3.4.2 Steps in an Update 3.4.3 Running the Update Tool 3.5 Installing Multiple Instances of an SAP HANA Database on the Same Physical Server (Nonproduction) 3.6 Installation and Update in Batch Mode 3.6.1 Password Treatment 3.6.2 Preparing the Configuration File 3.6.3 Performing the Installation 3.6.4 Performing the Update 3.7 Installing and Updating Scale-Out Systems 3.7.1 Preparation 3.7.2 Installing a Scale-Out System with hdblcmgui 3.7.3 Updating a Scale-Out System 3.8 Troubleshooting 3.8.1 Log Files of hdblcm 3.8.2 Useful Tests on the Command Line 3.9 Summary SAP offers multiple tools for administrators to use with an SAP HANA database system. The main tool is SAP HANA Studio, which you will get to know in this chapter. We also provide an overview of other administration tools available for SAP HANA. 4. Administration Tools 4.1 Introduction to SAP HANA Studio 4.1.1 Your First Contact with SAP HANA Studio 4.1.2 Connecting to SAP HANA Database Systems 4.1.3 Principles of Working with SAP HANA Studio 4.2 Database Administration with SAP HANA Studio 4.2.1 Managing the Database Configuration 4.2.2 Starting and Stopping the Database 4.2.3 Starting and Stopping Individual Database Processes 4.3 Monitoring the Database with SAP HANA Studio 4.3.1 Getting an Overview of the Database System 4.3.2 Monitoring Views in the Administration Editor 4.3.3 The Statistics Service 4.3.4 Other System Monitors 4.4 DBA Cockpit for SAP HANA 4.5 Summary In order to achieve the “D” in ACID, in-memory databases also need to write all committed data to disk—and SAP HANA is no exception. This is where the persistence layer comes into play. 5. The Persistence Layer 5.1 Log and Data Volumes: The Data Image on Disk 5.1.1 Memory and Disk 5.1.2 Page Management 5.1.3 Transaction Logs 5.1.4 Data Volumes and the Savepoint Operation 5.1.5 System Start Procedure 5.2 Log Backup 5.2.1 Log Backup Procedure 5.2.2 Enabling Log Backups 5.2.3 Managing Log Backups 5.3 Snapshots 5.3.1 The Purpose of Snapshots 5.3.2 Lifecycle of a Snapshot 5.3.3 Creating a Database Snapshot in SAP HANA Studio 5.3.4 Recovering the Database from a Snapshot 5.3.5 SQL Syntax for Managing Database Snapshots 5.4 Data Backup and Recovery of the SAP HANA Database 5.4.1 Supported Backup Mechanisms 5.4.2 Properties of Data Backups in SAP HANA 5.4.3 Creating Data Backups 5.4.4 Concepts of Database Recovery 5.4.5 Recovering the Database 5.4.6 Technical Recovery Scenarios 5.4.7 Copying an SAP HANA System Using Database Backups 5.4.8 Managing Backups: The Backup Catalog 5.4.9 Sizing the Backup Storage 5.4.10 SQL Syntax for Database Backups 5.4.11 Relevant System Views and Parameters for Backups 5.5 Disaster Recovery Setups and System Replication 5.5.1 Storage Replication 5.5.2 System Replication 5.6 Summary The largest single server you can buy may not contain enough main memory to hold all your data. To allow growing beyond the limits of single servers, SAP HANA offers a concept for setting up distributed database systems called “scale-out.” 6. Scale-Out Systems and High Availability 6.1 Scaling Out SAP HANA Systems 6.1.1 The Different Nodes of a Scale-Out System 6.1.2 The Master Name Server Concept 6.1.3 Distributed Persistence 6.1.4 Adding Hosts to a Scale-Out System 6.1.5 Removing Hosts 6.2 High Availability with Host Autofailover 6.2.1 Failover Groups 6.2.2 Host Failover 6.2.3 Failback 6.3 Client Connect in Distributed Systems 6.4 Summary In order to work with a database, one needs an understanding of the objects the database can contain. This chapter will define the concepts behind each of these objects and then give examples of how the objects are used in SAP HANA. 7. Objects 7.1 Common Properties of Database Objects 7.1.1 The Database Catalog 7.1.2 Object Naming and Identifiers 7.1.3 Users, Schemas, Object Ownership, and Dependencies 7.1.4 Object Definition 7.1.5 System Limits 7.2 Tables 7.3 Triggers and Constraints 7.3.1 Triggers 7.3.2 Constraints 7.4 SQL Views 7.4.1 View Dependencies 7.4.2 Performance of SQL Views 7.4.3 Changing Data through SQL Views 7.5 Column Views 7.6 Sequences 7.7 Procedures and Functions 7.8 Synonyms 7.9 Summary Although SAP HANA supports different types of data storage objects, relational tables by far are the most important way to structure and store data. 8. Table Types 8.1 Common Properties of All Tables 8.2 Row Store Tables 8.2.1 Properties in SAP HANA 8.2.2 Multiversion Concurrency Control 8.2.3 Indexes 8.3 Column Store Tables 8.3.1 Data Storage and Retrieval 8.3.2 Changing Data: Inserts, Updates, and Deletes 8.3.3 Redo Logging and the Delta Store 8.3.4 Data Compression 8.3.5 Space Usage and Internal Columns 8.3.6 Indexes 8.3.7 Multiversion Concurrency Control 8.4 Special Types of Tables 8.4.1 Flexible Schema Tables 8.4.2 Temporary Tables 8.4.3 History Tables 8.4.4 Special Table DUMMY 8.5 Summary Now that you understand the basics of the types of tables in SAP HANA, this chapter will teach you what you need to do with them. 9. Working with Tables 9.1 Loading Tables to and from Memory 9.1.1 Loading and Unloading of Columns 9.1.2 Reload of Tables 9.1.3 Large Object (LOB) Columns 9.1.4 Paged Attributes 9.1.5 Hot/Cold Data Aging Concept 9.2 Running Delta Merges 9.2.1 Automerge 9.2.2 Memory Merge 9.2.3 Smart Merge 9.2.4 Hard and Forced Merge 9.2.5 Critical Merge 9.3 Partitioning and Distributing Tables 9.3.1 Round-Robin Partitioning 9.3.2 Hash Partitioning 9.3.3 Range Partitioning 9.3.4 Multilevel Partitioning 9.3.5 Partition Pruning 9.3.6 Repartitioning 9.3.7 Colocated Partitions and Table Replicas 9.4 Optimizing Table Distribution and Partitioning 9.5 Importing and Exporting Tables 9.5.1 Exporting Data 9.5.2 Importing Data 9.5.3 Custom Excel File Import 9.6 Checking Tables for Consistency 9.7 Summary Sessions and transactions are the very basic system elements that enable us to communicate with SAP HANA and to process data. Understanding how the database guarantees correct access to shared data and automatically enables parallel query processing is essential. 10. Sessions and Transactions 10.1 Introduction to Sessions and Transactions 10.1.1 Lifetime of a Session 10.1.2 The Session Context 10.2 Processes and Threads 10.2.1 Sessions Running in Threads 10.2.2 Stopping Processes and Threads 10.2.3 Canceling a Running SQL Command 10.2.4 Killing a Session 10.2.5 Problems with Session Cancellation 10.3 Monitoring Sessions and Transactions 10.3.1 Using the Session Monitor 10.3.2 Using the Monitoring Views via SQL 10.4 Concurrency and Parallelism 10.4.1 Types of Parallelism 10.4.2 Locks and Blocking 10.4.3 Timeouts 10.4.4 Multiversion Concurrency Control 10.5 Summary The repository of SAP HANA offers capabilities to store and manage development artifacts. This chapter describes the SAP HANA repository and the principles of managing repository content. 11. Working with the Repository 11.1 Properties of the SAP HANA Repository 11.1.1 Accessing the Repository 11.1.2 The Package Structure of the Repository 11.1.3 Repository Content 11.1.4 The Persistence of the Repository within the Database 11.1.5 Ownership of Repository Objects 11.2 Creating and Editing Objects in SAP HANA Studio 11.2.1 Setting up a Development Project 11.2.2 Creating Objects in the Developer Workbench 11.2.3 Checking Out a Project 11.2.4 Concurrent Development 11.3 Deleting Development Objects in SAP HANA Studio 11.3.1 Deleting Objects from the Systems View in SAP HANA Studio 11.3.2 Deleting Objects from a Development Project 11.4 Mechanisms for Exporting and Importing Objects 11.4.1 Developer-Mode Export and Import 11.4.2 Delivery-Unit Export and Import 11.5 Change Recording and Transports 11.5.1 Change Recording 11.5.2 Transporting with the SAP HANA Application Lifecycle Manager 11.6 Summary 12. User Management and Security 12.1 Essential Security-Related Concepts 12.1.1 Object Ownership 12.1.2 Stored Procedures in Definer Mode 12.2 Database Users 12.2.1 Creating Database Users 12.2.2 Modifying Database Users 12.2.3 Deactivating and Locking Users 12.2.4 Dropping Database Users 12.2.5 Built-in Database Users 12.2.6 Restricted Users 12.3 Authentication Methods 12.3.1 Name/Password Authentication 12.3.2 Single Sign-On with Kerberos Authentication 12.3.3 Further Authentication Methods 12.3.4 Enabling Multiple Authentication Methods for One User 12.4 Securing SAP HANA’s Network Interfaces 12.4.1 External Network Connections to an SAP HANA System 12.4.2 Encrypting External Network Connections 12.4.3 Internal Network Connections 12.5 Auditing in the Database 12.5.1 Global Audit Settings 12.5.2 Audit Policies 12.5.3 Principles of Auditing in SAP HANA 12.6 Summary SAP HANA database offers a complex toolbox for granting authorizations to database users. This chapter will help you find your way through the available options. 13. Roles and Privileges 13.1 Database Roles 13.1.1 Catalog Roles 13.1.2 Repository Roles 13.1.3 Catalog Roles vs. Repository Roles 13.2 Privileges in the Database Catalog and Repository 13.2.1 Privileges Managed in the Catalog of SAP HANA 13.2.2 Privileges Managed in the Repository of SAP HANA 13.3 Types of Privileges in SAP HANA 13.3.1 System Privileges 13.3.2 Object Privileges 13.3.3 Schema Privileges 13.3.4 Package Privileges 13.3.5 Analytic Privileges 13.3.6 Application Privileges 13.3.7 Easing Your Mind 13.4 Critical Privileges and Privilege Combinations 13.4.1 Critical System Privileges 13.4.2 Critical Privilege Combinations 13.5 Standard Roles for SAP HANA Systems 13.6 Troubleshooting Authorization Issues 13.6.1 Finding Information on Granted Privileges and Roles 13.6.2 Tracing Missing Authorizations 13.7 Summary 14. Planning and Setting Up an SAP HANA System Landscape 14.1 Preparation: Sizing, Hardware Choices, and More 14.1.1 System Sizing for SAP HANA 14.1.2 Hardware Choices 14.2 Planning the System Landscape 14.2.1 Choosing SAP HANA Deployment Options 14.2.2 Application Deployment Options 14.2.3 Preparing for Business Continuity Requirements 14.2.4 Content Transport 14.3 Bootstrapping the System 14.3.1 Preparing the Operating System 14.3.2 Preparing the System for Role and User Management 14.3.3 Creating Database Administrators and Performing Initial Administration 14.3.4 Setting Up Initial Security 14.3.5 Configuring the System 14.3.6 Setting Up the Development Platform 14.3.7 Preparing for Support Cases 14.3.8 Final Steps 14.3.9 Propagating Roles from Development to Other Landscape Tiers 14.4 Summary Query performance is one of the most important aspects of most SAP HANA projects. To achieve the best possible performance, it’s useful to know the tools that are at your disposal and how to employ them effectively. 15. Tools for Performance Analysis 15.1 Load Diagram 15.2 Alerts Tab 15.3 Expensive Statements Trace 15.4 EXPLAIN PLAN 15.5 PlanViz 15.5.1 PlanViz Example 15.5.2 Analyzing Joins with PlanViz 15.6 Further Resources 15.7 Summary Your end users complain because “the system is slow.” Last night’s batches didn’t finish. The update process fails. Your developers can no longer activate any data models. These and many more events leave you with two choices: contact SAP Support or find out what’s going wrong. 16. Monitoring and Root-Cause Analysis 16.1 Monitoring 16.1.1 Monitoring Views 16.1.2 Alerting 16.1.3 External Monitoring Tools 16.2 Error Messages 16.2.1 Locating Error Messages 16.2.2 Interpreting Error Messages 16.3 Diagnostic Files 16.3.1 Dump Files 16.3.2 Trace Files 16.3.3 Collecting Diagnostic Files for a Support Incident 16.3.4 Using the Merged Diagnosis Files Editor 16.4 Server Side Traces 16.4.1 Database Trace and User-Specific Trace 16.4.2 End-to-End Trace 16.4.3 Expensive Statements Trace 16.4.4 SQL Trace 16.4.5 Performance Trace 16.4.6 Kernel Profiler Trace 16.5 Client-Side Traces 16.5.1 JDBC Trace 16.5.2 The ODBC Trace 16.5.3 SQLDBC Trace 16.5.4 The ODBO/MDX Trace 16.6 Summary The Authors Index


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9789351108245
  • Publisher: Shroff / SAP Press
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Language: English
  • Width: 178 mm
  • ISBN-10: 9351108244
  • Publisher Date: 2014
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 728

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