The United Nations was set up at the end of the Second World War, in 1945, to replace the ill-fated League of Nations. The United States, the United Kingdom, Russia (former USSR), France and China are permanent members of the Security Council, the most powerful organ of the United Nations. At that time, the United States was the most powerful country economically, technologically and militarily. It has been playing a dominant role in all decisions taken by the United Nations and its affiliated agencies. It has been dominating other countries and flouting the rules and provisions of the United Nations. To give a concrete example, the grant of loans by the World Bank, IMF and IFC is substantially influenced by the United States, instead of being guided by commercial and financial prudence. During the last six decades, the position of the world has substantially changed in regard to the economic, military and technological power. This has necessitated the redrawing of the United Nations and its various agencies. Unfortunately, this is being strongly resisted by the United States and other permanent members of the Security Council. The Volumes include viewpoints of the Secretary-General as well as all the important countries in regard to the reforms of the United Nations. They also include a large number of documents concerning these reforms. A detailed bibliography has been included to enable the inquisitive readers to pursue the subject further. The Volumes would be found highly useful by the students, researchers and teachers of Political Science and Economics. They would also be useful for executives and parliamentarians of all the countries concerned with the working of the United Nations and its agencies.

Table of Contents:
VOLUME 1 1. Reform of United Nations particularly of the Security Council —K.R. Gupta 2. India and Reform in the Security Council —Saroj Kumar Rath 3. Reviewing the United Nations: Reform and Restructuring —Manish Kumar 4. Radical U.N. Reform Now (March 5, 2006) —Agnes van Ardenne 5. Secretary-General’s Address to a Joint Sitting of the South African Parliament, Cape Town, South Africa (March 14, 2006) 6. Investing in the United Nations for a Stronger Organization Worldwide: Report of the Secretary-General (March 7, 2006) 7. Reform at the UN (Status of UN Management Reforms) (January 27, 2006) 8. German, Brazilian and Indian Draft Resolution to the General Assembly on Security Council Reform (January 9, 2006) 9. Review of Progress on Security Council Reform (December 19, 2005) 10. African Draft Resolution to the General Assembly on Security Council Reform (December 14, 2005) 11. Statement by the Representative of the Cuban Delegation, Rodolfo Reyes on the Annual Report and Reform of the Security Council (November 11, 2005) 12. Statement by Permanent Representative of Colombia to United Nations (November 11, 2005) 13. Statement by Anders, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Sweden (November 11, 2005) 14. Statement by Francis K. Butagira, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Uganda to the UN (November 11, 2005) 15. Statement by Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Portugal to the UN (November 11, 2005) 16. Statement by Stuart Beck, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Palau in the 47th Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly (November 11, 2005) 17. Statement by Ambassador Hjalmar W. Hannesson, Permanent Representative of Iceland to the UN (November 11, 2005) 18. Statement by Ambassador Lars Faa borg-Andersen, Deputy Permanent Representative of Denmark to the United Nations (November 11, 2005) 19. Statement by John R. Bolton, Permanent Representative of the US to the UN on Security Council Reform in the General Assembly (November 10, 2005) 20. Statement by U. Kyaw Tint Swe, Permanent Representative of the Union of Myanmar to the UN, at the Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly (November 10, 2005) 21. Statement by Ambassador Gunter Pleuger, Permanent Representative of Germany to the United Nations (November 10, 2005) 22. Statement by Rosemary Banks, Representative of New Zealand to the United Nations (November 10, 2005) 23. Letter from General Assembly Permanent Representatives and Observers of General Assembly on the Follow-up and Implementation of UN Reform (November 3, 2005) 24. Statement by Permanent Mission of Switzerland, Costa Rica, Jordan and Singapore on Reform of the Security Council (November 3, 2005) 25. PM’s Address to the 60th Session of the UN General Assembly, New York (September 15, 2005) 26. Statement by Ambassador Munir Akram, Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations in the Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly (July 26, 2005) 27. Statement by Marcello Spatafora, Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations on Introduction of Draft Resolution “Reform of the Security Council” (July 26, 2005) 28. Statement by Marcello Spatafora, Permanent Representative of Italy to the UN, on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Related Matters (59th Session of the General Assembly) (July 26, 2005) 29. Uniting for Consensus’ Group of States Introduces Text on Security Council Reform to General Assembly—Fifty-Ninth General Assembly Plenary 115th Meeting (July 26, 2005) 30. Statement by Ambassador Allan Rock, Permanent Representative of Canada to the UN General Assembly, Introducing Draft Resolution A/59/L68 under Agenda Item 53 (July 26, 2005) 31. Draft Resolution of Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Italy, Malta, Mexico, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, San Marino, Spain and Turkey (July 21, 2005) 32. Statement by Xolisa Mabhongo of South Africa to the UN General Assembly (July 18, 2005) 33. Statement by H.E. Ambassador Maged Abdelaziz, Permanent Representative of Egypt to the UN (July 18, 2005) 34. Statement by Ambassador Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg, Permanent Representative of Brazil to the UN (July 18, 2005) 35. Statement by Sir Emyr Jones Parry, Permanent Representative of the UK and Northern Ireland (July 12, 2005) 36. Statement by Allan Rock, Permanent Representative of Canada to the UN at the General Assembly (July 12, 2005) 37. Statement by Shirin Tahir-Kheli, US Ambassador and Senior Advisor to the Secretary of State for UN Reform (July 12, 2005) 38. Statement by Mrs. Adiyatwidi Adiwoso A., Deputy Permanent Representative of Indonesia in the Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly (July 12, 2005) 39. Statement by Munir Akran, Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations in the Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly (July 11, 2005) 40. Statement by Anders Lidén, Permanent Representative of Sweden to the UN (July 11, 2005) 41. Statement by Philo L. Dibble, Acting Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Organization Affairs (June 22, 2005) 42. Secretary-General Proposes Strategy for UN Reform to General Assembly, Giving Equal Weight to Development, Security and Human Rights (March 21, 2005) 43. Security Council Reform 44. Statement by Ambassador Patrick Kennedy, US Representative for UN Management and Reform, on the Report of the High Level Panel on Reform (January 31, 2005) 45. Remarks by Ambassador John C. Danforth, US Representative to the United Nations, in his National Capacity, on Iraq and Security Council Reform, at the Security Council Stakeout (November 30, 2004) 46. India’s Claim for Permanent Seat in UN Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 2443—Answered on August 26, 2004) 47. Efforts to Get Permanent Seat in Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 961—Answered on July 22, 2004) 48. Expansion of Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 963—Answered on July 22, 2004) 49. Permanent Membership of Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 47—Answered on July 7, 2004) 50. Permanent Membership in Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 1006—Answered on December 11, 2003) 51. US Support to India for Permanent Seat in Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 3087 —Answered on August 21, 2003) 52. Status of Security Council Seat for India at UN (Unstarred Question No. 505—Answered on July 24, 2003) 53. Membership of UN Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 500—Answered on July 24, 2003) 54. India’s Candidature for Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 190—Answered on February 19, 2003) 55. Permanent Membership of Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 957—Answered on November 28, 2002) 56. Statement by Ambassador Sichan Siv, US Representative to the Economic and Social Council, on Security Council Reform and Expansion (October 14, 2002) 57. Permanent Membership in Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 3892—Answered on May 2, 2002) 58. Permanent Seat in Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 2667—Answered on December 13, 2001) 59. India’s Candidature for Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 249—Answered on August 8, 2001) 60. Statement by Ambassador James B. Cunningham, US Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations, on United Nations Security Council Reform and Expansion in the General Assembly (October 30, 2001) 61. Statement by James B. Cunningham, US Acting Permanent Representative to the UN, on Follow-Up to the Security Council Summit Meeting: On the Way of Making Intentions Real in the Security Council (March 7, 2001) 62. Vietnam’s Stand on Permanent Seat to India in Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 178—Answered on February 22, 2001) 63. Indonesian Support to India for a Seat in the Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 176—Answered on February 22, 2001) 64. Permanent Seat for India in Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 26—Answered on February 22, 2001) 65. Statement by Ambassador Richard C. Holbrooke, US Permanent Representative to the United Nations, on Kosovo in the Security Council (January 18, 2001) 66. Transcript of Press Conference by Ambassador Richard C. Holbrooke, US Permanent Representative to the United Nations, at the New York Foreign Press Center (January 11, 2001) 67. Italy’s Reluctancy to Back India for Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 1184—Answered on November 30, 2000) 68. India’s Candidature for Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 51—Answered on November 22, 2000) 69. Statement by Ambassador James B. Cunningham, United States Deputy Representative to the United Nations, on Security Council Reform and Expansion, Plenary Meeting (November 16, 2000) 70. Statement by the Permanent Representative of New Zealand, Michael Powles (November 16, 2000) 71. Agenda Item 59: Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the UN Security Council and Related Matters (Statement by Kamalesh Sharma) (November 16, 2000) 72. Statement by the Permanent Representative of New Zealand, Michael Powles (October 18, 2000) 73. India Presses for Security Council Seat at UN [Q&A/Jaswant Singh Foreign Minister]—(September 2000) 74. Statement by the New Zealand Permanent Representative, Michael Powles (September 28, 2000) 75. White House Briefing on UN Security Council P-5 Meeting (September 8, 2000) VOLUME 2 76. Joint Statement by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Secretary of State of the United States of America (September 7, 2000) 77. Holbrooke Calls United Nations ‘Indispensable’ (September 5, 2000) 78. India’s Candidature for Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 625—Answered on July 26, 2000) 79. Letter Submitted by the Delegation of Italy to the Open-Ended Working Group of the Security Council (July 10, 2000) 80. India’s Candidature for Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 5856—Answered on May 3, 2000) 81. Restructuring of Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 5794—Answered on May 3, 2000) 82. Permanent Membership of Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 394—Answered on April 20, 2000) 83. Foreign Ministers in Havana Call for Democratization of United Nations, Enlargement of Security Council (April 12, 2000) 84. Reform and Expansion of the Security Council (Statement by Kamalesh Sharma) (April 4, 2000) 85. Statement by Ambassador Richard C. Holbrooke, United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations, OEWG: UNSC Reform and Expansion (April 3, 2000) 86. Letter Concerning the Introduction of an Obligation to Explain the Use of a Veto (March 31, 2000) 87. Permanent Membership of Security Council (Unstarred Question No. 2117—Answered on March 8, 2000) 88. Ambassador See-Young Lee on Security Council Reform (January 25, 2000) 89. US “Fact Sheet” on UN Security Council Expansion (January 5, 2000) 90. Statement by Ambassador Inam ul Haque of Pakistan, Pakistani Mission to the UN (December 20, 1999) 91. Statement by Ambassador James B. Cunningham, United States Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations, on UN Security Council Reform and Expansion in Plenary Meeting (December 20, 1999) 92. Transcript of Press Briefing by the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ambassador Richard C. Holbrooke at the US Mission to the United Nations (December 20, 1999) 93. Ambassador Fowler on Restricting the Veto (December 16, 1999) 94. Ambassador Wibisono of Indonesia on the Need to Reform the Security Council (December 16, 1999) 95. Ambassador Michael Powles of New Zealand (October 8, 1999) 96. Letter dated 23 September 1999 from the Permanent Representatives to the United Nations Addressed to the Secretary-General 97. Abel Matutes of Spain on Security Council Reform, Greater Transparency, Greater Efficiency, Greater Democratization (September 21, 1999) 98. Anna Lindh (Sweden) Calls for Moratorium on the Use of the Veto in the Security Council—Swedish Mission (September 21, 1999) 99. Counsellor Kim Won-Soo of Korea (June 24, 1999) 100. Russian Deputy Permanent Representative A. Granovsky Favors Enlargement (June 22, 1999) 101. Pakistani Permanent Representative Kamal on Equitable Representation, Enlargement and Related Matters (June 16, 1999) 102. Statement by Richard Sklar, US Representative to the United Nations for UN Reform and Management, to the Open-Ended Working Group on Security Council Reform on the Veto Issue (March 24, 1999) 103. Russia Vetoes the Abolition of the Veto—Unofficial Translation (March 24, 1999) 104. Ambassador F. Paolo Fulci on the Reform of the Security Council (February 18-19, 1999) 105. Statement by Richard Sklar, US Representative to the UN for United Nations Reform and Management, to the Open-Ended Working Group on Security Council Reform (February 11, 1999) 106. Statement on the Reform of the Security Council by Prof. Fruchtbaum (Soloman Islands) (February 11, 1999) 107. Ambassador Duval on Proceeding with Reform (February 11, 1999) 108. Pakistan Mission to the United Nations, New York (February 8, 1999) 109. Work of the Sanctions Committees—Note by the President of the Security Council Ambassador Celso Amorim (January 29, 1999) 110. Reforming the Security Council—An Italian View (December 1998) 111. Statement from the Symposium on Targeted Sanctions—Iraq (December 7, 1998) 112. Statement by Richard Sklar, US Representative for UN Reform and Management, on Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council (November 23, 1998) 113. Statement by H.E. Yukio Satoh—Permanent Representative of Japan (November 20, 1998) 114. Ambassador Arias of Spain Responds to Accusations (November 20, 1998) 115. Ambassador Wensley of Australia on Security Council Reform (November 19, 1998) 116. Marjatta Rasi of Finland Presents the Nordic View on Security Council Enlargement (October 20, 1998) 117. Concluding Statement by the President of the 52nd General Assembly—H.E. Hennadly Udovenko (September 8, 1998) 118. Ambassador António Monteiro of Portugal: Children in Armed Conflict (June 29, 1998) 119. Pakistan Mission to the United Nations, New York (June 23, 1998) 120. Conference Room Paper 14 on the Majority Required for Taking Decisions on Security Council Reform (May 1998) 121. Pakistan Mission to the United Nations, New York (May 5, 1998) 122. Ambassador Arias Speaks Out on the Veto and Proposes a Compromise Solution (April 23, 1998) 123. Ambassador Tello of Mexico on the Veto—Mexican Mission to the UN (April 21, 1998) 124. Pakistan Mission to the United Nations, New York (April 21, 1998) 125. Pakistan Mission to the United Nations, New York (February 11, 1998) 126. Pakistan Mission to the United Nations, New York (February 3, 1998) 127. Memorandum by the Elected Members on Transparency in the Security Council—Cover Letter to the President of the Security Council Signed by All Ten Non-permanent Members (December 22, 1997) 128. The Nordic Countries on Equitable Representation—Ambassador Henrik Salander (Sweden) (December 4, 1997) 129. Ambassador Manuel Tello of Mexico (December 4, 1997) 130. Ambassador Bilahari Kausikan—Permanent Representative of Singapore to the UN—Statement on Security Council Reform (December 4, 1997) 131. Pakistan Mission to the United Nations, New York—Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly (December 4, 1997) 132. Statement by Ambassador António Monteiro Permanent Representative of Portugal to the UN—General Assembly Debate on the Report of the Security Council (October 28, 1997) 133. Lena Hjelm-Wallén on the UN’s Work for Peace and Security (September 24, 1997) 134. Ambassador Bill Richardson—Permanent Representative of the United States to the UN—Statement on Security Council Reform (July 17, 1997) 135. Report of the Open-Ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other Matters Related to the Security Council 136. Ambassador Ahmad Kamal of Pakistan on a Security Council Reform Paper (June 10, 1997) 137. Ambassador Park Soo Gil of the Republic of Korea on Security Council Reform (June 10, 1997) 138. Conference Room Paper by the Bureau of the Working Group on the Security Council (May 29, 1997) 139. Joon Kook Hwang, Republic of Korea, on Security Council Reform (May 2-8, 1997) 140. Follow-Up Statement on Security Council Reform and Permanent Members—By Deputy Permanent Representative Karen Tan of Singapore (May 9, 1997) 141. Do the Permanent Members Really Want Reform—A Speech by Ambassador Bilahari Kausikan of Singapore (May 5, 1997) 142. Pakistan Mission to the United Nations, New York (April 28, 1997) 143. Razali Reform Paper—Paper by the Chairman of the Open-Ended Working Group (March 20, 1997) 144. Pakistan Mission to the United Nations, New York—Ambassador Ahmad Kamal of Pakistan on Security Council Reform Consultants (March 10, 1997) Bibliography