It is essential to aware and contribute to the profound change that Latin America requires, regarding its erroneous and inertial socio-economic and political trajectory. Also, to help to overcome, the reciprocal prejudges and damages, between it and North America, especially with USA, which has always taken to a dead end in its more necessary than ever cooperation for development.Latin America and the Americas are on red alert and facing great crossroads in the face of this profound and accelerated change of time, which, like any period of inflection, also offers a narrow space and little time to start once and for all the path of progress. This is essential for both, the Latin American region, and the North America, particularly for the USA, as it is argued and illustrated along the book, with an in-depth special chapter, on why the development of the first one extremely matters for the future of the latter as a global power, and for both as world players. As it is explained "the neighborhood matters", even more in the current growing world of economic-commercial blocks, which in turn lead to strong political and cultural implications.For this reason, it is analyzed why the development of Latin America has not yet happened, to anticipate and warn about what they could become, following their historical and recent trend, and how they would benefit from achieving important changes.This multidimensional and comprehensive journey is aimed at contributing with reflections for action in the main areas of development, such as the creation of human capacities, the production and distribution of well-being, opportunities and the generation of knowledge, and construction of democratic coexistence and social integration. For fulfilling this goal, an innovative, state-of-the-art development measure has been especially designed and constructed for the book. This methodological advance must be considered as a contribution in the tipping time that is transforming the statistical field, that undoubtedly also transform its historical name and meaning, since the 18th. century, from been considered the "arithmetic of the State", until our days, when I consider more appropriate to redefine it as the "arithmetic of development", and to rename it as "developistics". This becomes more coherent with its role as a key instrument of navigation for the development policies, in this change of epoch, and particularly in the framework of the world commitment to the Global Agenda for Sustainable Development.The work presented, uses a structural and historical-inductive approach with a critical analysis to overcome, complacency, and extreme ideological temptations of any sign, to promote the inescapable structural transformations needed. Both, complacency, and extreme ideological temptations, during the historical trajectory, have predominantly emphasized that the problems and limitations of Latin-America's development, are mainly originate "from outside", due to conditioning factors of the "developed center" in the international division of roles and their differential benefits.Contrary, this work is aimed at demonstrating with empirical evidence, that the main limitations are within the region itself, in its idiosyncrasy and the functioning of society and its elites, who excuse themselves with the easy way of external guilt, instead of self- examine their own structural deficiencies and resistance to the needed changes, which undoubtedly entails effort, persistence and probity. As the Irish writer Bernard Shaw said, "progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything."This is the main leitmotif of the book, to generate critical awareness for mind changing, to overcome the mediocrity of the custodians of the past, and to begin to build a future of development, with growing well-being, more shared, integrated, and sustainable, in freedom and democratic coexistence.