About the Book

• This manual is a step by step guide to optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and its interpretation.
• Beginning with an overview of OCT and histology, the following chapter discusses three basic steps in normal OCT analysis – morphology study, retinal and choroidal structure study, and reflective study.
• Qualitative and quantitative analysis of pathologic OCTs illustrates the evolution of various diseases, both spontaneous and after medical, surgical or laser therapy.
• Separate chapters are dedicated to ‘en face’ imaging and the role of OCT in the study and treatment of glaucoma.
• Authored by renowned experts in the field.
• This practical reference is highly illustrated with clinical images, illustrations and tables throughout.
• This manual is intended to make easier OCT interpretation to ophthalmologists, optometrists, ophthalmic technicians and orthoptists.

About the Author

Bruno Lumbroso MD Marco Rispoli MD

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 OCT and Histology 1 – Hyaloid Membrane and Vitreous 1 – Inner Retina 1 – Outer Retina 1 – Photoreceptors, Cones and Rods 2 – Retinal Support Structures 2 – Retinal Pigment Epithelium 2 – Bruch’s Membrane 3 – Choroid 3 Chapter 2 Normal Chorioretinal OCT Analysis 11 – Retina and Choroid Morphology 11 – Retina and Choroid Structure 11 – Infrastructure 15 – Vertical Structures 15 – Horizontal Structures: Retinal Layers 16 – Segmentation 16 – Normal Tissue Reflectivity 18 – High Reflectivity 18 – Low Reflectivity 18 – Choroid 18 – Artifacts 19 Chapter 3 Qualitative Analysis of Pathologic OCTs 21 – OCT Limits 22 – OCT Imaging of Optic Disk 22 – Morphology Study 22 – Global Retinal Deformation 22 – Retinal Profile and Retina Surface Deformation 23 – Morphologic Posterior Alterations 24 – Retinal Profile Outline 24 – Outer Retina Outline 30 – Retinal Structure Study: Segmentation 41 – Structure: Segmentation 41 – Inner Retina and Outer Retina 42 – Outline–Segmentation 46 Contents– Reflectivity Study 48 – High Reflectivity 48 – Low Reflectivity 49 – Abnormal Formations 55 – Preretinal Formations 55 – Intraretinal Formations 55 – Posterior Formations 55 – Shadow Areas (Screen Effect, Shadow Cone) 59 Chapter 4 Quantitative Analysis of Pathologic OCTs 61 – Linear Measurements of Axial B-scans 61 – Measurement of Coronal Images and “En Face” Scans 61 – Quantitative Segmentation 62 – Retinal Mapping 62 – Quantitative Analysis: Thickness 63 – Increased Thickness 63 – Reduced Thickness 63 – Thickness Variations of the Retinal Layers 65 – Retinal Volume 65 – Quantitative Choroid Analysis 66 – Quantitative Optic Disk Analysis 66 Chapter 5 “En Face” Imaging 67 – 3D Images: Segmentation of Chorioretinal Layers 67 – Frontal Plane Scans 67 – Frontal "En Face" Sections Fit to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Concavity 68 – Thickness of the Retinal Section 68 – Tips and Parameters of the "En Face" Scanning Procedure 79 Chapter 6 Synthetic Study 80 Chapter 7 Reporting 82 Reporting an OCT Test 82 Scans 82 Chapter 8 Glaucoma 85 – Glaucoma Scan Protocols 85 – Glaucoma Follow-up 86 – Ganglion Cell Complex Glaucoma Progression Report 86 – Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Glaucoma Progression Report 87 – Normative Database 87 – Glaucoma Diagnosis 87 Index 93 x PRACTICAL RETINAL OCT