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Politik Und Religion in Nordkaukasien: Das Verhaltnis Von Islam Und Widerstand Am Beispiel Von Tschetschenen Und Inguschen (1757-1961)

Politik Und Religion in Nordkaukasien: Das Verhaltnis Von Islam Und Widerstand Am Beispiel Von Tschetschenen Und Inguschen (1757-1961)

          
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About the Book

English summary: Chechnya plays a unique role in the history of Russia. Like no other people whom the Czars fought to establish their empire, the Chechens have always answered with great vehemence all attempts to force them under Russian supremacy. The quest to defend one's own independence runs like a thread through Chechen history and has formed a century-long continuity. For more than 250 years, a conflict has raged that, with only a few interruptions, reaches into the early 21st century and has been perceived in Europe mainly by the post-Soviet Chechnya wars. The devastating power of this dispute has always emanated from an ideological mixture, the once triggered ignition repeatedly flared the destructive flames of violence to a powerful conflagration.As early as 1757, the first major Russian campaign set in motion a spiral of escalating violence, which accelerated steadily in the period that followed, culminating in a massive insurrection in 1785. The fact that it was first used by Islam as a jihad to expel the infidels encouraged Russian leaders in their judgment to experience the profound manifestation of the religious fanaticism of a people whose unprecedented practices of lawlessness and barbarism made any coexistence impossible. This highly arrogant finding was responsible for putting the behaviour of the Chechens in a religious frame of reference and henceforth interpreted all forms of intransigence as proof of the anti-Russian character of their Islam. This indelible stigma no longer clings to the Chechens only in the consciousness of the Russian public, but also of the international public.Against this background, this study examines the question of how true this premise actually is. For this purpose, the relationship between Islam and militant resistance against the central state is examined over the course of 204 years. The result is a theoretical model that describes Islam as a multifunctional stability regulator of the Chechen social fabric. It shows that between 1757 and 1961 Islam aggregated various socially effective functions which it did not lose after having acquired it once. Although these functions manifested themselves in different situations, they always produced the same effect: they strengthened the internal cohesion of the tribal and deeply fragmented Chechen social fabric in relation to the military expansion of the central state and its attempts to change the traditional society of the Chechens by exogenous violence. German description: In der Geschichte Russlands spielt Tschetschenien eine unikale Rolle. Wie kein anderes Volk, das die Zaren im Zuge der Errichtung ihres Imperiums bekampften, haben die Tschetschenen samtliche Versuche, sie unter die russische Oberherrschaft zu zwingen, stets mit grosser Vehemenz beantwortet. Das Streben, die eigene Unabhangigkeit zu verteidigen, zieht sich dabei wie ein roter Faden durch die tschetschenische Geschichte und hat eine jahrhundertelange Kontinuitat gebildet. Seit mehr als 250 Jahren tobt ein Konflikt, der mit wenigen Unterbrechungen bis ins fruhe 21. Jahrhundert reicht und in Europa vor allem durch die postsowjetischen Tschetschenienkriege wahrgenommen worden ist. Die verheerende Kraft dieser Auseinandersetzung entspringt seit jeher einem ideologischen Gemisch, dessen einmal ausgeloste Zundung die zerstorerischen Flammen der Gewalt immer wieder zu einer machtigen Feuersbrunst auflodern liess. Bereits 1757 setzte der erste umfangreiche Feldzug der Russen eine Spirale ausufernder Gewalt in Gang, die in der Folgezeit kontinuierlich akzelerierte und 1785 in eine gewaltige Insurrektion mundete. Dass diese erstmals im Rekurs auf den Islam erfolgte, namlich als Dschihad zur Vertreibung der Unglaubigen, bestarkte die russischen Entscheidungstrager in ihrem Urteil, die tiefreichende Manifestation des religiosen Fanatismus eines Volkes zu erleben, dessen prazedenzlose Gepflogenheiten der Gesetzlosigkeit und der Barbarei jedwede Koexistenz unmoglich machten. Dieser hochst arrogante Befund war dafur verantwortlich, dass man das Verhalten der Tschetschenen nun in einen religiosen Referenzrahmen setzte und fortan samtliche Formen von Intransigenz als Beleg fur den antirussischen Charakter ihres Islam deutete. Dieses unausloschliche Stigma haftet den Tschetschenen heute nicht mehr nur im Bewusstsein der russlandischen, sondern auch der internationalen Offentlichkeit an.Vor diesem Hintergrund geht die vorliegende Studie der Frage nach, inwieweit diese Pramisse tatsachlich zutrifft. Hierzu wird das Verhaltnis von Islam und militantem Widerstand gegen den Zentralstaat im Verlauf von 204 Jahren untersucht. Im Ergebnis liegt ein theoretisches Modell vor, welches den Islam als multifunktionalen Stabilitatsregulator des tschetschenischen Sozialgefuges beschreibt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Islam zwischen 1757 und 1961 verschiedene sozial wirksame Funktionen aggregierte, die er nach einmal erfolgtem Erwerb nicht mehr einbusste. Obwohl sich diese Funktionen jeweils in verschiedenen Situationen manifestierten, generierten sie doch stets denselben Effekt: Sie starkten die Binnenkohasion des tribalen und zutiefst fragmentierten tschetschenischen Sozialgefuges gegenuber der militarischen Expansion des Zentralstaates sowie dessen Versuchen, die traditionelle Gesellschaft der Tschetschenen durch exogene Gewalteinwirkung zu verandern.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783954903979
  • Publisher: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag
  • Publisher Imprint: Dr Ludwig Reichert
  • Language: German
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 700 gr
  • ISBN-10: 3954903970
  • Publisher Date: 31 Jul 2019
  • Binding: Hardback
  • No of Pages: 684
  • Sub Title: Das Verhaltnis Von Islam Und Widerstand Am Beispiel Von Tschetschenen Und Inguschen (1757-1961)


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Politik Und Religion in Nordkaukasien: Das Verhaltnis Von Islam Und Widerstand Am Beispiel Von Tschetschenen Und Inguschen (1757-1961)
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