The musculoskeletal system is an organ system that enables an organism to move,
support and maintain stability during movements. It is made up of skeleton, muscles,
cartilage, tendons, ligaments and joints. Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones and
keep the bones in place. To allow motion, different bones are connected by the
articulating joints. There are three types of muscle tissues exists in the body. They are
skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. Skeletal and smooth muscles are considered as
part of the musculoskeletal system. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart. A tendon is
a thick fibrous connective tissue. It is used to connect muscles to the bone. Joints are
the bone articulations allows the movement. A ligament is a dense and white band of
fibrous elastic tissue. It connects the ends of bones together in order to form a joint.
Ligament helps to limit joint dislocation and restrict improper hyperextension and
hyperflexion. It provides cushions between bones and tendons (ILO et al. 2020).
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are conditions that can affect muscles, bones,
and joints. Common MSDs includes tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and bone fractures. Tendinitis is an inflammation of a tendon.
Tendon is the thick fibrous cords that attaches muscle to the bone (Armstrong T J et al.
1993). This condition causes pain and tenderness. Tendinitis can occur around your
shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees and heels. Carpal tunnel syndrome causes pain in the
hand and the fingers. It may be caused by continuous repetitive movements.
Osteoarthiritis is the degeneration of joint cartilage and the associated bones. It is most
common in middle aged human being. It causes pain and stiffness, especially in the hip,
knee, and thumb joints. Rheumatoid arthiritis is a chronic disease causing inflammation
in the joints specifically in the finger, wrist, knee and ankle. Bone fractures are common
for vehicle drivers during accidents (Sue A et al. 2012). MSD's affect major area of our
musculoskeletal system such as back, shoulder, wrist, neck etc
