Populations are expanding nearly everywhere and pressure on every available resource seems to be heavier than ever before. As a matter of fact, half of the world's population is already urban and another 1.5 billion will be living in the cities by 2020. Also by that time, 4.3 billion people will need shelter, food and employment in urban areas (prain 2006). This growth in urbanization poses threats to food security and implies a widespread occurrence of poverty. Along with these threats are problems on environmental pollution, health risks and eventually a decline in the people's quality of life, agriculture, fisheries and much talked today on food security.Rapid industrialization and urbanization have been consuming too much natural energy and which results in rapid migration of humans. Priya Deshingkar says "Yet migration in India faces an almost total absence Of forward-thinking policies", and the fast movement of resources and information. Agriculture is also shifting from small-scale to commercial and even to global production. Thus, new agricultural technologies and frontier enterprises have been developed in order to supply stable and sufficient food to the expanding population. Meanwhile, sustainable agriculture as well as the preservation of the diverse food culture and maximum utilization of food and biomass must be ensured.Now-a-days, international efforts are focussed to address urban poverty and food insecurity. The agriculture sector, for one, is compelled to provide an alternative as most of the country's food production depends on it. It is here that peri-urban agriculture (PUA) offers a great potential for reducing poverty and enhancing food security. This type of agriculture refers to crops, livestock, and fishery production, processing and marketing activities within and around cities and towns.Addressing climate change which is in fact affecting agriculture in a most significant way and poses numerous threats to human settlements. R.K.Pachauri Director General, TERl whose Inter governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) won the Nobel Peace Prize, writes in The Times of India, New Delhi, (January I, 2009). "The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in the world at the beginning of industrialisation was 280 parts per million. As a result of industrialisation, based on growing use of fossil fuels as well as deforestation and other activities, the concentration today is now in excess of 385 parts per million. This problem, along with increased emissions of other greenhouse gases, has led to changes in climate across the globes, which are not merely in the nature of significant increases in average surface temperature, but an increase in the frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, heat waves as well as extreme precipitation events".