Home > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Life sciences: general issues > Parvovirus B19 - Untersuchungen Zur Virussicherheit Von Plasmapraparaten
Parvovirus B19 - Untersuchungen Zur Virussicherheit Von Plasmapraparaten

Parvovirus B19 - Untersuchungen Zur Virussicherheit Von Plasmapraparaten

          
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About the Book

Das humanpathogene Parvovirus B19 (B19) kann im Blut in sehr hohen Konzentrationen vorkommen und ist stabil gegenuber physikochemischen Inaktivierungsmethoden. Daraus ergibt sich ein hohes Risiko fur die Ubertragung von B19 durch Blutspenden bzw. durch Blutprodukte. In dieser Arbeit wurden Untersuchungen (1) zum Vorkommen von B19-DNA in Plasmapools und Plasmapraparaten, (2) zum Nachweis von infektiosem B19 in Zellkultur sowie (3) zur Entfernung von Parvoviren mittels Filtration vorgenommen. (1) B19 DNA wurde mittels PCR in 60% der industriellen Plasmapools zur Herstellung von Plasmaprodukten nachgewiesen, wobei ein Drittel dieser positiven Pools hochgradig kontaminiert war. In 60 bis 90% der Faktor IX-, Faktor VIII-, und Prothrombinkomplex- Chargen wurde B19-DNA nachgewiesen. In Chargen von Antithrombin III, anti-D- Immunoglobulin und Albumin wurde B19 DNA weniger haufig (8 bis 19%) nachgewiesen. Wegen der Bestandigkeit von B19 gegenuber Inaktivierungsverfahren kann eine Infektiositat dieser Produkte nicht ausgeschlossen werden. (2) Die Teratokarzinomzelllinien NCCIT und GH sowie die Chorionkarzinomzelllinien JAR und JEG wurden auf ihre Eignung zum Nachweis von infektiosem B19 untersucht, jedoch in keiner der Zelllinien eine Virusvermehrung beobachtet. Die Detektion von parvovirusspezifischer mRNA zeigte aber, dass die Zellen abortiv infiziert wurden. Diese Infektion liess sich verhindern, wenn B19 zuvor mit anti-B19 IgG aus Serum neutralisiert worden war. (3) Bei der Herstellung von Plasmapraparaten werden spezielle Filter zur Entfernung von Viren eingesetzt. Es wurden drei Filtersysteme verschiedener Hersteller (Planova 15N, Ultipor VF DV20 und Viresolve 70) hinsichtlich der Entfernung von Porcinem Parvovirus (PPV) und B19 untersucht. Die Virusfilter entfernten PPV in Grossenordnungen zwischen 3 und ?6 log10, wobei stets infektioses Virus im Filtrat nachweisbar war. Die Erhebung der B19-Filtrations-Daten erfolgte durch quantitative PCR, weil kein entsprechend sensitives Zellkultursystem existiert. Die Entfernungsraten von B19-DNA betrugen zwischen 4 und 6 log10 und entsprachen damit denen von PPV trotz unterschiedlicher Messmethoden. PARVOVIRUS B19: EVALUATING THE VIRUS SAFETY OF PLASMA PREPARATIONS Parvovirus B19 (B19) is pathogenic in humans and can be present at very high concentrations during viremic phases of infection. Due to the relative resistance of parvoviruses to inactivation by heat and chemical agents, there is a potential risk of B19-transmission via plasma preparations. This dissertation presents and discusses data concerning (1) the occurrence of B19-DNA in plasma pools and plasma preparations, (2) the detection of infectious B19 in cell culture and (3) the removal of parvoviruses through filtration. (1) Using PCR, B19 DNA was detected in 60% of the plasma pools tested with one third showing high level contamination (106 to 108 geq/mL). Between 60 and 90% of factor IX-, factor VIII- and prothrombincomplex-batches were shown to contain B19-DNA. Batches of antithrombin III, anti-D-immunoglobulin and albumin were less frequently contaminated with B19-DNA (8 to 19%). Since B19 is very resistant to the inactivation procedures used during the production of such preparations, infectivity cannot be ruled out. (2) The teratocarcinoma cell lines NCCIT and GH and the chorioncarcinoma cell lines JAR and JAR were tested for their susceptibility to B19 infection. Although virus replication was not observed, the presence of B19 mRNA strongly indicated an abortive infection of the cells. This infection could be neutralized by a serum containing anti-B19-IgG. (3) The production of plasma preparations includes special filtration steps designed to remove viruses. Three filtration systems (Planova 15N, Ultipor VF DV20 und Viresolve 70) from different manufacturers were examined for their ability to remove porcine parvovirus (PPV), a model virus for B19. Although the levels of PPV were reduced by all filters by 3 to ?6 orders of magnitude, infectious virus was always detectable in the filtrate. As there is presently no sensitive assay for the detection of B19 itself, quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the removal of B19-DNA during the filtration process. Despite the different detection methods used, elimination rates similar to those seen for PPV were observed (4 to 6 log10 for B19- DNA).


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783897227798
  • Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin
  • Publisher Imprint: Logos Verlag Berlin
  • Height: 210 mm
  • No of Pages: 198
  • Series Title: German
  • Weight: 700 gr
  • ISBN-10: 3897227797
  • Publisher Date: 20 Nov 2001
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: German
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 0 mm
  • Width: 145 mm


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