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ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HISTORY PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE LONDON OUTLINES OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HISTORY BY AUGUSTE MARIETTE TRANSLATED AND EDITED, WITH NOTES, BY MARY BRODRICK SECOND EDITION LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET 1892 TRANSLATORS PREFACE FOR some time past I have been asked, both in England and abroad, to recommend a short history of Ancient Egypt, to which my reply has in variably been Mariettes Apergu There is no history so concise or so comprehensive though, as its name says, It is but an outline. To bring it within the reach of those who cannot, or who do not care to read it in the original, and so to make it better known to both the English and American public, has been my object in translating it. In doing so, I have endeavoured to give the entire sense of Mariettes words in readable English, rather than in an elabo rate word-for-word translation. The book having been written in lecture form for the use of the Egyptian schools in Cairo, It will be found that here and there sentences, having particular reference to that fact, have been omitted or adapted also that 6 TQtotHnes of Ancient Egyptian History dates have been given according to our era, and not only as before or after the Hegira, which is, of course, the modern Egyptian mode of reckoning while statements which are now proved to be false or doubtful have been omitted. In some places, where the progress of events or fresh discoveries, have made them necessary, notes have been added and special notice of the finding of the royal mummies at Der-el-Bahari is also given. I wish most gratefully to acknowledge the kind ness of Mr. Le Page Renouf, Keeper of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities in theBritish Museum, who has read this work both in manuscript and proof, and has given me much help and many valuable suggestions. It must not, however, be supposed that this makes him in any way respon sible for the opinions of the learned author. M. BRODRICK. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION THE kind reception accorded to this little book, together with the fact that the Apergu is now out of print, encourages me to venture on a Second Edition. To it has been added a sketch map of the Dynasties, a list of the principal Cartouches, a short notice of the Hyksos, an Index, and such notes and corrections as the progress of scientific research has rendered necessary. M. B. London, 1892. CONTENTS TRANSLATORS PREFACES 5 CONTENTS 9 SKETCH MAP OF DYNASTIES 12 TABLE OF CARTOUCHES 13 INTRODUCTION 29 CHAPTER I HEATHEN PERIOD i CHAPTER II HEATHEN PERIOD THE ANCIENT EMPIRE DYNASTIES I. XI 5 CHAPTER III HEATHEN PERIOD THE MIDDLE EMPIRE DYNASTIES XI. XVIII 12 CHAPTER IV HEATHEN PERIOD THE NEW EMPIRE DYNASTIES XVIII. XXXI 30 IG Outlines of Ancient Egyptian History CHAPTER V PAGE HEATHEN PERIOD THE GREEK EPOCH DYNASTIES xxxn. AND xxxin., 62 CHAPTER VI HEATHEN PERIOD ROMAN EPOCH DYNASTY XXXIV. 66 CHAPTER VII THE CHRISTIAN PERIOD 71 PART II APPENDIX CHAPTER VIII MANETHO 76 TABLE OF THE EGYPTIAN DYNASTIES, ACCORDING TO MANETHO 78 CHAPTER IX THE MONUMENTS 87 FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD DYNASTIES 93 FOURTH AND FIFTH DYNASTIES 94 SIXTH DYNASTY 97 SEVENTH, EIGHTH, NINTH, AND TENTH DYNASTIES . too ELEVENTH DYNASTY 101