An introduction to the interdisciplinary subject of molecular electronics, revised and updated The revised second edition of Organic and Molecular Electronics offers a guide to the fabrication and application of a wide range of electronic devices based around organic materials and low-cost technologies. Since the publication of the first edition, organic electronics has greatly progressed, as evidenced by the myriad companies that have been established to explore the new possibilities. The text contains an introduction into the physics and chemistry of organic materials, and includes a discussion of the means to process the materials into a form (in most cases, a thin film) where they can be exploited in electronic and optoelectronic devices. The text covers the areas of application and potential application that range from chemical and biochemical sensors to plastic light emitting displays. The updated second edition reflects the recent progress in both organic and molecular electronics and: Offers an accessible resource for a wide range of readers Contains a comprehensive text that covers topics including electrical conductivity, optical phenomena, electroactive organic compounds, tools for molecular electronics and much more Includes illustrative examples based on the most recent research Presents problems at the end of each chapter to help reinforce key points Written mainly for engineering students, Organic and Molecular Electronics: From Principles to Practice provides an updated introduction to the interdisciplinary subjects of organic electronics and molecular electronics with detailed examples of applications. 

Table of Contents:
Preface xv Acknowledgements xvii Symbols and Abbreviations xix About the Companion Website xxv 1 Scope of Organic and Molecular Electronics 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Organic Materials for Electronics 2 1.3 Molecular Electronics 4 1.4 The Biological World 12 1.5 Future Opportunities 13 1.6 Conclusions 15 Problems 15 References 16 Further Reading 17 2 Materials’ Foundations 19 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Electronic Structure 20 2.3 Chemical Bonding 27 2.4 Bonding in Organic Compounds 35 2.5 Crystalline and Non crystalline Materials 43 2.6 Polymers 53 2.7 Soft Matter: Emulsions, Foams, and Gels 58 2.8 Diffusion 59 Problems 60 Reference 60 Further Reading 60 3 Electrical Conductivity 63 3.1 Introduction 64 3.2 Classical Theory 64 3.3 Energy Bands in Solids 71 3.4 Organic Compounds 91 3.5 Low-Frequency Conductivity 105 3.6 Conductivity at High Frequencies 113 Problems 118 References 118 Further Reading 120 4 Optical Phenomena 121 4.1 Introduction 121 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation 122 4.3 Refractive Index 123 4.4 Interaction of EM Waves with Organic Molecules 127 4.5 Transmission and Reflection from Interfaces 140 4.6 Wave guiding 145 4.7 Surface Plasmons 146 4.8 Photonic Crystals 151 Problems 155 References 155 Further Reading 156 5 Electroactive Organic Compounds 157 5.1 Introduction 157 5.2 Selected Topics in Chemistry 158 5.3 Conductive Polymers 166 5.4 Charge-Transfer Complexes 170 5.5 Graphene, Fullerenes, and Nanotubes 173 5.6 Piezoelectricity, Pyroelectricity, and Ferroelectricity 180 5.7 Magnetic Materials 185 Problems 194 References 194 Further Reading 196 6 Tools for Molecular Electronics 197 6.1 Introduction 197 6.2 Direct Imaging 198 6.3 X-Ray Reflection 202 6.4 Neutron Reflection 206 6.5 Electron Diffraction 206 6.6 Infrared Spectroscopy 208 6.7 Surface Analytical Techniques 213 6.8 Scanning Probe Microscopies 214 6.9 Film Thickness Measurements 217 Problems 218 References 219 Further Reading 220 7 Thin Film Processing and Device Fabrication 221 7.1 Introduction 221 7.2 Established Deposition Methods 222 7.3 Molecular Architectures 239 7.4 Micro-and Nanofabrication 253 Problems 260 References 260 Further Reading 263 8 Liquid Crystals and Devices 265 8.1 Introduction 265 8.2 Liquid Crystal Phases 266 8.3 Liquid Crystal Polymers 271 8.4 Display Devices 273 8.5 Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals 279 8.6 Polymer-dispersed Liquid Crystals 281 8.7 Liquid Crystal Lenses 282 8.8 Other Application Areas 283 Problems 284 References 285 Further Reading 286 9 Plastic Electronics 287 9.1 Introduction 288 9.2 Organic Diodes 288 9.3 Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Structures 292 9.4 Organic Field Effect Transistors 295 9.5 Organic Integrated Circuits 301 9.6 Transparent Conducting Films 303 9.7 Organic Light-emitting Devices 304 9.8 Organic Photovoltaic Devices 321 9.9 Other Application Areas 328 Problems 331 References 332 Further Reading 336 10 Chemical Sensors and Physical Actuators 337 10.1 Introduction 337 10.2 Sensing Systems 338 10.3 Definitions 339 10.4 Chemical Sensors 341 10.5 Biological Olfaction 360 10.6 Electronic Noses 362 10.7 Physical Sensors and Actuators 363 10.8 Wearable Electronics 369 Problems 369 References 370 Further Reading 371 11 Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics 373 11.1 Introduction 374 11.2 Nano systems 374 11.3 Engineering Materials at the Molecular Level 376 11.4 Molecular Device Architectures 381 11.5 Molecular Rectification 385 11.6 Electronic Switching and Memory Phenomena 387 11.7 Single-electron Devices 395 11.8 Optical and Chemical Switches 397 11.9 Nanomagnetics 402 11.10 Nanotube and Graphene Electronics 404 11.11 Molecular Actuation 407 11.12 Molecular Logic Circuits 410 11.13 Computing Architectures 412 11.14 Quantum Computing 414 11.15 Evolvable Electronics 415 Problems 416 References 416 Further Reading 420 12 Bioelectronics 421 12.1 Introduction 422 12.2 Biological Building Blocks 422 12.3 Nucleotides 429 12.4 Cells 433 12.5 Genetic Coding 434 12.6 The Biological Membrane 438 12.7 Neurons 443 12.8 Biosensors 445 12.9 DNA Electronics 449 12.10 Photobiology 450 12.11 Molecular Motors 458 Problems 461 References 461 Further Reading 463 Appendix 465 Index 469