Excerpt from Nutrient Content of the U. S. Food Supply, 1909-2000: A Summary Report

From 1909-19 to 1990-99, the availability of food energy and many nutrients increased in the food supply. The availability of more food energy reflects higher levels of most macronutrients, principally fat in the 1990's, than in the early years of the series. Higher levels of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron, and folate in the 1990's reflect Federal enrichment standards, the folate fortification policy of 1998, and the use of enriched grain products. Higher levels of vitamin A reflect fortification of ready - to-eat cereals, margarine, and dairy products as well as the development in the 1960's of new varieties of deep yellow vegetables. The higher levels of vitamin E in the later years of the series were due to a greater use of vegetable fats and oils. Higher calcium and phosphorous levels in 1990-99 reflect the increased consumption of lowfat milk, cheese, yogurts, and other dairy products. Higher sodium levels in 1990-99 indicate the increased availability of processed foods, such as cheese and canned vegetables in the later years of the series.

From 1909-19 to 1990-99, levels of magnesium and copper remained the same, and those of saturated fat, vitamin 812, potassium, and selenium were similar to levels in 1909 - 19. Levels for cholesterol and dietary fiber were lower in 1990-99 than in 1909 - 19. The lower cholesterol levels in 1990-99 reflect the decreased use of eggs and the shift fi'om whole milk to lowfat dairy products since 1909-19, while the lower levels of dietary fiber are attributable to the decreased consumption of grains since 1909-19.

This publication is an update of Home Economics Research Report No. 54, Nutrient Content of the U. S. Food Supply, 1909 97, issued in 2001. This report includes revised estimates for the years 1909 through 1997 as well as new estimates for 1998 and 1999. This publication is different from previous reports in that it presents data on foods and nutrients by decade begin ning with 1909-1919 and ending with 1990-1999. This summary report supersedes all previous publications on the nutrient content of the u.s. Food supply.

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