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Mort plutôt que l'esclavage

Mort plutôt que l'esclavage

          
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About the Book

Les Zanj étaient des esclaves africains contraints de travailler au défrichement des terres dans le sud de l'Iraq. Quand ils se soulevèrent, ils furent rejoints par les esclaves des villes et des villages voisins. Leur chef, nommé Alī ibn Muḥammad, était un homme qui prit conscience de leur misère et leur promis des terres et des richesses. Il bénéficia également de l'appui de certaines tribus arabes de la région. Il parvint à les rallier et à les entraîner dans une insurrection en 869 en utilisant une stratégie de violence contre ses adversaires. Al-Muwaffaq, frère et héritier du calife, al-Mutamid, parvint à mobiliser l'armée et entreprit une série d'actions militaires qui lui assurèrent la victoire sur les rebelles Zanj en 883.Car les révoltes importantes ne se nourrissent pas que de désespoir, elles ont besoin de perspectives pour prendre forme, se former et exister, même si leur durée de vie reste souvent éphémère. Cette rébellion sort du commun des révoltes serviles. Elle a un chef instruit, un projet politique, un horizon social qui combine la propriété et la Liberté, le tout sous la bannière de l'égalité.Ali ibn Muhammad n'était pas Zanj. Il était arabe. Il se fait connaître comme poète à Samarra, puis comme prophète dans la région de Basra. Ayant échoué dans ses tentatives de révoltes précédentes, à Bahreïn et à Basra, il déclare être un descendant d'Ali et cherche à se lier aux esclaves. Il entreprend de les soulever et leur promet d'améliorer leur vie, de les rendre à leurs tours maîtres d'esclaves et de leur donner de belles demeures. Il les convertit au khāridjisme, doctrine égalitaire qui affirme que le califat doit revenir au meilleur des musulmans, fût-il esclave. Fanatisés, les Zanj considèrent comme infidèles tous les autres musulmans. Ils entreprennent une lutte à mort contre ces hérétiques qui, à leurs yeux, se confondent avec les grands propriétaires.Leur mouvement s'étend très vite grâce au ralliement des troupes noires des armées impériales, à l'adhésion de certaines tribus bédouines et à la solidarité des paysans hostiles aux propriétaires. Les Zanj infligent plusieurs défaites à l'armée impériale, s'emparent d'importantes régions en Iraq et en Perse, occupent en 878, Wāsiṭ, une vieille ville de garnison, et menacent Basra, et même Bagdad.Ali ibn Muhammad créée autour des marais son propre état, frappe une monnaie Zanj et établit une capitale, Muktarah, et établit une diplomatie pour tenter de s'allier avec les autres mouvements dissidents des Abbassides, comme les Saffarides, les Quarmates et les Toulounides.Elle échouera pourtant dans le sang lorsque les Abbassides parviendront à organiser une armée de grande ampleur, et promettront aux rebelles et aux esclaves, la vie sauve au prix de leur trahison. Ali ibn Muhammad mourra au cours des combats.La révolte des Zanj a été sans merci. C'est une révolte qui ne fait pas de prisonniers. Ainsi, le sac de Basra a été particulièrement cruel. Plus de 250.000 morts selon Al-Tabari. Ce qui est sûr, c'est que les Zanj, qui menaient une guerre de guérilla, profitaient de la géographie des marais qu'ils connaissaient parfaitement et de la faiblesse du pouvoir Abbasside, affaibli et occupé à d'autres conflits. Enfin la Liberté, l'égalité et la propriété conféraient un pouvoir d'attraction à son mouvement.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781723771088
  • Publisher: Independently Published
  • Publisher Imprint: Independently Published
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 450
  • Spine Width: 25 mm
  • Width: 152 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1723771082
  • Publisher Date: 17 Sep 2018
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: French
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 652 gr

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