Originally published in 1903. Modern Machine Shop Tools THEIR CONSTRUCTION. OPERATION AND MANIPULA.TION, INCLUDING BOTH HAND AND MACHINE TOOLS. A BOOK OF PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION Including Chapters on Filing, Fitting and Scraping Surfaces on Drills, Reamers, Taps and Dies the Lathe and Its Tools Planers, Shapers and Their Tools IkIilling JIachiues and Cutters Gear Cutters and Gear Cutting Drilling Machines and Drill -ark Grinding Machines and Their Vork Hardening and Tempering Gearing, Belting and Trans- mission Machinery Useful Data and Tables. PREFACE: This book is the outgrowth of a series of articles prepared by the author for the sttidents in machine shop practice at the University of Illinois some of these articles having recently been published in 33achinery. An effort has been made to treat the subject in a clear and comprehensive manner, carefully avoiding all unnecessary matter and presenting to the apprentice and mechanic many points pertaining to the tools with which they come in daily contact, ancl about which they are oiten unable to obtain all the information necessary, in order that they may use these tools correctly and efficiently. In treating on the various classes of small and machine tools, the author has endeavored to bring out much pertaining to the contruction and care of these tools, as well as upon their uses. The importance of the machinist having at least a limited amount of information on the subjects of Fastenings, Gearing, and Belting and Transmission Machinery has prompted the addition of chapters upon these subjects. .The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to the publishers, the Industrial Press, and the tool manufacturers, who have so kindly assisted him in getting together many of the illustrations and tables uscd in this vork. INTRODUCTION: The correct manipulation of rnetal .orking tools comes per- fectly natural to many of our young mechanics, and they easily become expert in their use. It seems to be born in them, and they make good workmen no matter how poor the tools with which they work and how bad the instruction they receive but where one such man is fouild there u7ill be a dozen others who can acquire the necessary skill to be called good machinists, only after careful study and close application of the most thorough instruction. The time required to accomplish this will depend entirely on the man and the conditions under which he works. under favorable circumstances two to six years will be required. The more the apprentice reads and thinks the more quickly will he master his trade. Every apprentice should be a regular sub- scriber to at least one good paper treating on the subject and should READ it. He should never fail to look over the advertising pages of each issue, as these pages constitute a perfect index of progress along the line of his chosen occupation. The reading will create thought, will broaden tlie ideas and put the young man in a better position to appreciate what he sees and hears. The young machinist must keep constantly before him the two requisites of a good mechanic-accuracy and rapidity. The first lle must acquire, and if he would succeed in tliese days of close competition, he must couple with it the ability to produce such wcrk quickly. He should, above all things, train his judgment, having it continually with him, and slould learn as quickly as possible the strength of the materials wit11 which he is to deal. This will come more by experience than by calculation and let good judgment and common sense aid in making the experience bill low, Observation is a great teacher...