Callithrix, the scientific name for marmoset monkeys, is a member of the Callitrichidae family, which also contains tamarins. With a body length that varies from 7 to 12 inches and a tail that may be longer than the body, they are among the smallest primates. These monkeys are indigenous to South America's tropical jungles, especially those in Brazil. Marmosets are recognized for their unique physical characteristics, which include: - Body Size and Weight: Marmosets are small, nimble animals that typically weigh 250 to 500 grams. - Fur & Coloration: Their silky, smooth fur comes in a variety of colors, including gray, white, black, and brown according on the species. - Facial Features: With tufts of hair around their ears, big, expressive eyes, and a typically curious expression, they frequently have a distinctive facial appearance. - Tail: Rather than gripping, they frequently use their long, non-prehensile tail for balance. Marmosets are extremely gregarious creatures that inhabit troops, or family groups, that can have anywhere from a handful to more than a dozen members. These armies typically comprise of a dominant breeding pair and their progeny, and they have a complicated social structure. Scent marking, body language, and a variety of vocalizations are used by the group to communicate. In the wild, they eat a wide variety of foods, such as fruits, insects, tiny vertebrates, gum or tree sap. With their keen claws, they can easily cling to tree trunks and branches since they are adapted to climbing and feeding in the forest canopy. The Captive History of Marmoset Monkeys Marmosets kept in captivity have a long history that spans several centuries. Early in the 1500s, Portuguese explorers were some of the first in Europe to come upon marmosets. They returned these unusual animals to Europe, where their diminutive stature and endearing look made them popular pets and status symbols among the nobility. Exotic animal collections, also known as "menageries," were popular among the wealthy during the Victorian era. Because they were relatively new and easier to care for than larger monkeys, marmosets were prominently displayed in these museums. During this time, there were some notable attempts to breed marmosets in captivity, but little was known about their requirements and care. As the demand for exotic pets increased in the 20th century, marmosets became more accessible thanks to the pet trade. However, worries regarding the moral treatment of these creatures and the effects of their capture on wild populations arose as a result of the rising demand. The 1973-established Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) assisted in controlling and overseeing marmoset trade to make sure it did not jeopardize the species' ability to survive in the wild. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of marmoset care in captivity during the last few decades. Current methods place a strong emphasis on creating an environment that is as close to their original home as feasible. This includes a balanced nutrition, appropriate interaction, and toys and activities that stimulate the mind. The longevity and general health of marmosets kept in captivity have also improved with the advent of specialty veterinarian care. These days, marmosets are housed in zoos and nature sanctuaries, maintained as pets, and utilized in scientific study. Their care and management need to be approached differently in each situation. Because of their intricate habits and genetic connections to humans, marmosets have been used as useful models in studies to understand human ailments. The main goals of zoos and sanctuaries are public education about these amazing primates, breeding initiatives, and conservation activities.