Excerpt from A Manual on the Turanians and Pan-Turanianism: Compiled by the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty

During the last few years there has taken place in Turkey the awakening of a national consciousness aiming at the purification of the Turkish language by the expulsion of all foreign elements, and the establishment of a civilization based entirely on old Turkish traditions. With this is combined a pan-turanian, that is to say, a pan-turkish movement, the goal of which is a powerful and independent union of all the Turks in the world, embracing a population of This movement involves a policy of Irredentism, which aspires not only to stimulate by moral and intellectual propa ganda the feeling of racial community among kindred peoples, but under favourable circumstances to free their kinsmen politically from their Russian, British, Persian, and Afghan rulers. Turkish writers have begun to speak of their 'ideal fatherland, their Turania, the cradle of their nation and home of their race'. The poet Ziya gok Alp, called by a country man the great apostle of Turanianism celebrates Attila, Jenghiz, and Oghuz Khan as heroic figures that stand for the proud fame of his race, and describes the fatherland 'of the Turks not as Turkey or Turkestan, but as 'the broad eternal land of Turania While the primary object of the National pan-turanian ideal is the inclusion and union of all branches of the race within the Turkish Empire, it is an important secondary aim to give independence to all the followers of Mohammed, the united Turks being then the centre of gravity of the world of Islam. In View of this new situation it is of importance to examine the geographical, historical, ethno logical, religious, and social facts bearing on the populations that may 'be affected by pan-turanian aspirations. It will then be easier to estimate the likelihood of these aspirations.

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