Home > History & Humanities > History > History: earliest times to present day > Ancient history: to c 500 ce > Les Noblesses Du Nom: Essai d'Anthroponymie Ottomane
Les Noblesses Du Nom: Essai d'Anthroponymie Ottomane

Les Noblesses Du Nom: Essai d'Anthroponymie Ottomane

          
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About the Book

Les Turcs ont coutume de donner aux gens un nom qui illustre un de leurs defauts ou de leurs vertus, car ils ne disposent que de quatre noms propres, reserves aux descendants de la famille ottomane . Ainsi Don Quichotte condense-t-il en peu de mots un lieu commun repandu: celui d'un Orient sans noms, celui d'un Empire sans noblesse. Don Quichotte est fou, mais il y a toujours une part de verite dans ce qu'il dit. Les Ottomans changeaient de nom comme de chemise. Les surnoms - souvent les plus disgracieux - etaient a la source de bien des designations. On ne trouvait pas une rue sans un Mehmed, pas un cafe sans un Ahmed. Le titre plus que la designation comptait dans les usages sociaux comme dans les bureaux de l'Etat. L'administration deformait sans vergogne les noms des juifs et des chretiens. Le sultan ecorchait les designations de souverains qu'il tutoyait. L'onomastique n'obeissait a aucune regle stricte. Elle n'accordait presque aucune place au nom de famille. Les Ottomans ne portaient ni armes ni blasons. Ils ne reconnaissent aucune aristocratie hors de la lignee d'Osman. Autant de realites admises par des voyageurs orientalistes, des ideologues kemalistes ou des historiens de l'Empire ottoman. En un mot: l'egalite des conditions l'emportait sur la reconnaissance de noblesses, et il etait plus important de gagner un titre que de se faire un nom.La lecture des sources revele neanmoins un monde de noms plus riche et plus complexe. Don Quichotte est fou, mais s'il a beaucoup voyage, il n'a jamais parcouru l'Empire. En realite, les Ottomans se servaient de leurs noms de personne pour s'identifier et se distinguer, faire valoir leurs droits et transmettre leurs biens. A partir des nomenclatures turques, arabes et persanes, ils inventerent leurs propres modes de designation. Ils en nourrirent leurs lettres et leurs arts. Par les noms, ils dominerent leurs sujets non musulmans, valoriserent les heros et les saints, reconnurent des lignees pre-ottomanes et constituerent de nouvelles noblesses. Le nom de famille tel que nous l'entendons etait certes le grand absent de l'anthroponymie ottomane. Mais des noms de famille existaient, au-dela des seuls patronymes: noms d'ancetres, de collateraux et de femmes. Il est vrai, la Turquie kemaliste imposa une procedure radicalement nouvelle: tout citoyen devait porter un nom de famille. Mais ces noms, pour une partie d'entre eux, existaient deja. Ils etaient inscrits dans les registres d'Etat. Ils figuraient dans les genealogies, sur les steles funeraires. Au sein de franges sociales que le sultan ne reconnaissait toujours pas comme noblesses d'Empire, percait l'imaginaire d'une noblesse des noms.
About the Author: Olivier Bouquet est rattache a l'Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR CESSMA


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9782503550275
  • Publisher: Brepols Publishers
  • Publisher Imprint: Brepols Publishers
  • Depth: 25
  • Language: French
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Essai d'Anthroponymie Ottomane
  • Width: 159 mm
  • ISBN-10: 2503550274
  • Publisher Date: 30 Jan 2014
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 399
  • Series Title: Miroir de L'Orient Musulman
  • Weight: 700 gr


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