Excerpt from Latin Syllabus for the Freshman Year: Prepared for the Students in the University of Pennsylvania, 1871-72

The following syllabus has been prepared, as is stated in the title, for the use of the students in the University of Pennsylvania. It consists of three parts, The Rules for Translating, ' An Argument with Explanatory Notes' to the selections from Livy and Homes usually read in the Freshman year, and such Rules of Syntax as are required for reference, either in these notes or, generally, in the Latin instruction of the whole course. I have always thought it best, in teaching, to rely mainly upon oral (i mean catechetz'cal) instruction, but have, nevertheless, been in the habit of printing, as occasion required, a few pages of rules or explanations, whenever it seemed to me that I could thereby economize the time or make my meaning more clear. The matter, thus constantly accumulating, I at various times corrected and modified, arranged and re-arranged, and, under the name of the 'latin Syllabus', have reprinted it, in different years, for the Freshman classes. I have now carefully revised it all, made large additions, and, at last, brought it into a form suited, as I suppose, to the wants of the present class, and needing (i hope) only slight changes for several years to come. A statement of the circum stances which lcd to the preparation of the several parts, will help, also, to explain the end I had in view in each particular case.

Many of the students came to us indifi'erently prepared; and although there were also many, who, in completing the required course of reading, had been well grounded in the elements of the Latin Grammar, and well trained in the construing of Latin sentences, yet it was evident, that, if they were to work together, they must have some systematic teaching in the methods of rendering Latin into English, something which should reconcile and harmonize the various styles that they had learned, which should make the free, or rather loose, translator more exact, the literal translator more idiomatic, and the happy (or unhappy)

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