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La batalla de Alarcos 1195: Preludio de las Navas de Tolosa

La batalla de Alarcos 1195: Preludio de las Navas de Tolosa

          
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About the Book

El 4 de julio de 1187, el ejercito comandado por el rey de Jerusalen, Guy de Lusignan, fue derrotado en la batalla de los Cuernos de Hattin por las tropas de Saladino. La victoria no solo supuso la aniquilacion del ejercito cristiano de Tierra Santa, sino tambien, lo que era mucho mas grave, el desmantelamiento casi total de la posesiones latinas en Oriente: en apenas unas semanas, los musulmanes ocuparon sin encontrar mayor resistencia las ciudades de Tiberiades, Acre, Sidon, Beirut y Ascalon, asi como la mayoria de los castillos y fortalezas del reino. El 2 de octubre de ese mismo ano Saladino entro en Jerusalen; tras menos de un siglo en manos cristianas, los escenarios sagrados de la vida de Cristo volvian a estar bajo el dominio islamico. El esfuerzo de miles de cruzados se habia demostrado baldio, y sus suenos se habian esfumado repentina y dramaticamente. No es dificil imaginar el impacto emocional que tuvo en Occidente la perdida de los Santos Lugares. Tres anos despues, el fracaso de la Tercera Cruzada, con la que se intento recuperar aquellas tierras, no hizo sino confirmar el hundimiento de las fronteras orientales de la Cristiandad. No habia transcurrido ni una decada desde el desmantelamiento del reino de Jerusalen, cuando en la manana del 18 de julio de 1195 el ejercito castellano, encabezado por el rey Alfonso VIII, fue derrotado en Alarcos, lo que acarreo la perdida de un importante numero de fortificaciones en el campo de Calatrava. Peor aun, durante los dos anos siguientes el reino de Castilla continuo sufriendo los embates almohades, quienes ademas contaron con el respaldo de los monarcas leones y navarro. Como consecuencia de ello, una parte sustancial de los territorios dominados por los cristianos al sur del Tajo volvio a manos islamicas y la ciudad de Toledo quedo expuesta a una posible recuperacion por parte de los musulmanes. A la vista de los precedentes que acabamos de glosar no puede extranar que a raiz del desastre ocurrido en las llanuras castellanas, la consternacion y el panico se extendiesen por toda Europa: primero habia sido Jerusalen, ahora parecia tocarle el turno a Toledo; primero Hattin, luego Alarcos. Antes en Oriente y ahora en Occidente, las fronteras de la Cristiandad frente a sus enemigos musulmanes parecia que se derrumbaban una tras otra. No puede extranar que las noticias volasen por los monasterios y cortes europeas, que las cronicas inglesas, francesas y austriacas se hicieran eco del desastre ocurrido junto a las murallas de Alarcos. En Roma, el papa Celestino III se lamentaba de que “la mano del Senor” habia visitado “duramente” a los cristianos y habia permitido que los paganos ocupasen violentamente sus fronteras: “despues de la invasion de la tierra de Jerusalen, ocurrida por exigirlo nuestros pecados, ha crecido tanto en las Espanas el poder de los sarracenos, que la muchedumbre de males hace dudar a cual de estos paises sea mejor socorrer”. Por su parte, los trovadores reaccionaron componiendo canciones en las que llamaban a la unidad de accion de los principes cristianos, a vengar el desastre de 1195, a hacer frente a una oleada, la almohade, que parecia incontenible. Un acontecimiento que fue vivido con tanta alarma de una a otra parte de Europa y que provoco reacciones emocionales tan angustiosas y tan poco contenidas, ha recibido en ocasiones la atencion de los especialistas, aunque quiza no tanta como hubiera merecido. Menos aun se le ha ofrecido al publico general, no especializado pero interesado en la historia militar del Medievo hispanico, una monografia que le presente lo sucedido aquel dia de julio de hace ahora casi 820 anos de manera clara, divulgativa y con cierto afan pedagogico. Francisco Garcia Fitz Universidad de Extremadura


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9788492714810
  • Publisher: Almena Ediciones
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Height: 240 mm
  • Weight: 101 gr
  • ISBN-10: 8492714816
  • Publisher Date: 2/12/2015
  • Edition: 1
  • Language: Spanish
  • Width: 300 mm

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