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Kuruntokai: Poesia Romântica Tâmil

Kuruntokai: Poesia Romântica Tâmil

          
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International Edition


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About the Book

O tâmil (தமிழ்) e o sânscrito (संस्कृतम्) são as principais línguas clássicas da Índia. O sânscrito pertence à família linguística indo-ariana e o tâmil à dravidiana ou dravídica. O tâmil ainda é falado por milhões de pessoas e o sânscrito é língua morta. O sânscrito é amplamente conhecido no Ocidente e o tâmil é uma incógnita. O tâmil e o sânscrito evoluíram por milênios em harmonia e engendraram expressivas literaturas arcaicas. Kuruntokai (குருதொங்கை Coleção Breve) é uma das antologias clássicas da literatura tâmil Sangam. Abrange poemas breves criados há cerca de dois milênios por um coletivo intergeracional de autores. A tradição da literatura Sangam quanto à autoria é fundada na vivência coletiva ao longo de gerações. O vínculo espiritual projeta-se numa poética impessoal e o desiderato transmuta-se em lírica imanente. A literatura Sangam (சங்க இலக்கியம்) é classificada como akam (அகம் interno) ou puram (புறம் externo); akam refere-se ao amor romântico e puram aos eventos heroicos e políticos. Por razões socioculturais a expressão íntima não se integra à vida pública e só em alguns casos se interseccionam. A tradição da literatura Sangam quanto à autoria é fundada na vivência coletiva ao longo de gerações. O vínculo espiritual projeta-se numa poética impessoal e o desiderato transmuta-se em lírica imanente. A coleção é o apogeu da poesia romântica em língua tâmil e uma narrativa dramática fragmentária. A coleção Kuruntokai está inserida nas Oito Antologias (எட்டுத்தொகை), transliteradas Ettuttokai. Destaca-se como um dos Dezoito Grandes Textos (பதினெண்மேல்கணக்கு) do corpus poético da literatura tâmil clássica. A cronologia da Coleção Breve é controversa. Os indícios arqueológicos sugerem que foi redigida entre 300 a.C. - 300 d.C. durante o domínio da dinastia Chera[1], mas o período mais provável de sua compilação corresponde aos três primeiros séculos da era cristã conforme a análise linguística. São poemas escritos em data incerta, porém é certo que em sua maioria precedem a era comum e concebidos no decorrer de trezentos anos. Baseada na métrica e na extensão dos poemas, a coletânea consiste em 401[i] poemas breves, com até oito linhas, de 205 poetas. Dentre esses poetas, 16 são mulheres que redigiram 58 poemas[ii]. Os poemas eram recitados nas vilas aos camponeses iletrados e nos palácios às cortes eruditas dos reis. A tradição oral tâmil atribuía ao bardo-narrador a seleção e a ordem dos versos declamados em público, conectando um poema ao outro com estrofes de improviso, para tornar a poesia atraente a todos os ouvintes. A obra completa e contextualizada só é acessível através de traduções em outros idiomas. A tradução em português dos poemas transcriou o original comparando as cinco versões em verso e prosa em inglês editadas por Jayanthasri Balakrishnan para o Central Institute of Classical Tamil (CICT) em 2020. A presente edição em prosa e verso da coleção Kuruntokai é a primeira tradução da obra em português e abarca 120 poemas selecionados de 94 poetas. As versões em verso e prosa em português refletem os poemas selecionados pelo adaptador textualmente, i.e., com as mesmas palavras (ipsis verbis), exceto os conectivos inevitáveis na versão em prosa. Devido à sintonia entre as versões, a polianteia poética pode ser lida tanto em verso como em prosa.

Em verso:

só o cego
diz que é dia
após o sol
se pôr
na vastidão
vermelha
quando o torpor
se enraíza
a flor noturna
floresce no pó
do desgosto

L


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9798399451923
  • Publisher: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp
  • Publisher Imprint: Independently Published
  • Height: 244 mm
  • No of Pages: 174
  • Spine Width: 9 mm
  • Weight: 285 gr
  • ISBN-10: 8399451924
  • Publisher Date: 19 Jun 2023
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Portuguese
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Poesia Romântica Tâmil
  • Width: 170 mm


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