Introduction.- Monitoring of Weld Pool Surface with Active Vision.- Visual Sensing of 3D Weld Pool Geometry with Passive Vision.- Penetration prediction with data driven models.- Penetration Control for Bead-on plate weld.- Penetration Detection and Control Inside U-groove.- Lack of fusion detection inside narrow U-groove.- Measuring Material Deformation using Digital Image Correlation.- Conclusions.
About the Author: Dr. Zongyao Chen received his B.S. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering in 2009 and 2012 from Shanghai Jiaotong University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Tennessee in November 2018. During his Ph.D. study, he worked with the welding and joining research group at oak ridge national lab and focused on applying artificial intelligence and computer vision technology to welding manufacturing and proposed the Reversed Electrode Image (REI) method to extract the features and penetration of welding pool during GTAW process in his doctoral dissertation. He is currently working as a Research Scientist at the R&D Centre of Air Liquide in Delaware, USA. Dr. Chen's research interests include robotics, welding automation, computer vision， machine learning and other AI applications in industry.

Dr. Feng is a Group Leader of Materials Processing and Joining Group and a Distinguished R&D Staff of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He manages a diverse R&D portfolio aimed at addressing the materials processing and joining needs from automotive, aerospace, nuclear, petrochemical and power generation industries. His primary interest is in thermal-mechanical-metallurgical behaviors of materials during processing and joining. Most recent work included integrated computational welding engineering (ICWE), proactive weld residual stress control and management, friction stir welding and processing, characterization of weld by advanced neutron and synchrotron scattering, and novel solid-state joining processes of dissimilar metals. Dr. Feng received his Ph.D. in Welding Engineering from the Ohio State University. He is a Fellow of the American Welding Society, a Joint Faculty Professor，Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Guest Professor of Tsinghua University. Dr. Feng has broad interactions with industry and extensive experience in solving critical industry problems.Dr. Feng is currently one of Editors-in-Chief Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing (TIWM) authorized by Springer for periodical publication of research papers from 2017.

Dr. Jian Chen is a Research Staff in Materials Processing and Joining Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He has significant experimental and analytical experiences in developing advanced materials joining and processing technologies and the associated control and monitoring techniques. His current R&D focuses on advanced welding and joining techniques, intelligent welding process monitoring and control, non-destructive weld quality inspection and high-performance welding simulation. Dr. Chen received his doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering from the Ohio State University. He is a member of American Welding Society's Technical Papers Committee and 2^nd Vice Chair of American Welding Society's North East Tennessee Section.