Excerpt from Industrial Gases Including the Liquefaction of Gases and the Manufacture of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Ammonia, Producer Gas, Illuminating Gas, Acetylene, Ozone, Etc., Etc

The present volume forms the seventh of our series of manuals of technological chemistry, and deals with the subject of gases of industrial importance.

The subject of industrial gases has been revolutionised within recent years. Perhaps the most striking advances have been made in regard to the subject of the liquefaction Of gases, especially of air. As a result of such advances, large industries concerned with the production of gaseous oxygen and nitrogen have come into being within the last few years, industries which have already, to some extent, revolutionised engineering practice and which have created entirely new industries such as the manufacture of cyanamide, now so widely used, as a manure and as the basis of manufacture of many nitrogen compounds.

The subject of hydrogen gas has quite recently acquired great importance, partly on account of the enormous quantities required for the new processes for hardening fats, and partly for military purposes for filling airships. An enormous amount of recent research work has been done on this subject, and methods have been worked out for producing the gas cheaply on the large scale which were quite unknown a few years ago. A full account of these new methods is given in the following pages.

Great changes have likewise occurred within the last few years as regards new methods of producing ammonia, and synthetic ammonia is now an accomplished fact. Of course, full details of the actual methods employed in this connection are carefully guarded as valuable trade secrets. What is known of the subject, however, is given as fully as possible in the following pages.

The last chapter is concerned with industrial ozone, a gas whose importance is gradually increasing as its uses become more widely known.

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