Diabetes mellitus is one among the chronic diseases and defines a set of metabolic disorders where the body loses
the capability to process the food efficiently, however, the food that we intake get converted into
sugar or glucose, for our bodies to utilize as energy .
Pancreas is one of the glandular organs situated in the abdomen region right behind the stomach. It
aids in the production of insulin which usually help to manage the blood sugar levels that
ultimately provides energy to live on. Deficiency in the insulin levels leads to
dysfunction of the systems that aid in the movement and storage of metabolic fuels,
anabolism and catabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins emerging from abnormal
insulin production or action. Insulin provokes to eliminate blood glucose and stimulates the
liver for glucose metabolism, thus normalizing the glucose levels in addition with the
inhibition of glycerol and amino acids conversion from fats to sugars. When the insulin levels are
abnormal or too low, the levels of blood glucose are raised-up leading to DM. It all
outsets with the autoimmune devastation of pancreatic beta cells inducing low insulin
secretion and inactivating the receptors that are actually accountable for insulin
action ensuing reduced ability of the cells to engulf and digest glucose. The above mentioned
insulin abnormalities and hyperglycemia are the main basis of deformities in protein,
fat and carbohydrate metabolism leading to DM. Henceforth, DM is a chronic disorder
with a fundamental metabolic impairment.
