This book covers Western Political Thought from the very beginning to Karl Marx. It has been written in a simple and lucid style. Controversial matters have been dealt with in such a way that scientific and objective conclusions may be drawn. The book has been planned as an ideal textbook for the students and a reference book for the teachers.

Table of Contents:
16. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) The State of Nature, Natural Rights and Natural Law, The Origin of the State, Hobbes's Theory of Sovereignty, On Law, Individualism in Hobbes Political Philosophy, Criticism of Hobbes's Theory, Contribution, His Influence. 17. John Locke (1632-1704) Background, Human Nature, The State of Nature, The Social Contract, Features of Contract, Locke on Natural Rights of Man, Locke on Government, The Right of Revolution, The Place of Locke in the History of Political Thought, His Influence. 18. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1770) The Life and Works of Rousseau, Life, His Writings, State of Nature, Social contract, Rousseau's Concepts of General Will, General Will, Its Criticism, Merits, Confusion and Different Conclusions on Rousseau, General Will. 19. Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau Compared 20. Montesquieu (1689-1755) Life, Civil Liberty, Political Liberty, Theory of Separation of Powers, Criticism, Republic, Monarchy, Despotism, Criticism, Contributions of Montesquieu. 21. Hume and Burke David Hume (1711-1778), Refutation of Social Contracts, His Place, Edmund Burke (1729-96), Burke's on Social Contract, State and Society, Burke on Human Rights, His Views on British Constitution, Burke as Champion of Conservation, Criticism, Bibliography, Books for General Study, Books for General Reading in Order of Importance. 22. Bentham to Marx : Introduction The Background of Modern Political Thought, Characteristics of the 19th Century, French Revolution and American War of Independence, Increase in Population and Urbanization, Change in Intellectual Field, Utilitarian Theory, Theory of the Historical Study of Law, Organic View of the State, Utopian Socialism, Scientific Socialism, Idealism, Doctrine of Sovereignty, Scientific or Psychological School, Conclusion, Utilitarianism, History and Background of Utilitarianism, The Founder of Utilitarian School, Basic Features of the Utilitarianism, Popularity of the Utilitarianism, Conception of Utility, Utilitarian and Individualism, Conclusion. 23. Utilitarianism Bentham (1748-1832), Life History of Bentham, Meaning of Utility, Reforms, Bentham's Ideas, Impact, Evaluation, J.S. Mill (1806-73), Mill on Liberty, Views on Democracy, Main Function of the Government, Mill's Views on Election, Mill's View on Legislature, Mill and Democracy, Defects of Democracy according to Mill, An Evaluation of Mill's Views on Representative Government, Difference between Mill and Bentham, Mill on Liberty, Views on Democracy, Conclusion, Summary, John Austin (1790-1859), Early Life, John Austin's Theory of Sovereignty, His Contribution towards Law, Criticism of Austin's Theory of Sovereignty, Conclusion, Summary, Individualism. 24. Sovereignty Emergence of Powerful State and Rulers, Contribution of Social Contract Thinkers, Views of Pluralist Thinkers and Montesquieu, Summary. 25. Idealism General Features of Idealism, A Brief History of Idealistic School, Distinction between Reall Will and Actual Will is False, Two kinds of Idealism, Principles of Idealism, Principles of Liberal Idealism, Difference, Idealists are Conservative, Conclusion, Kant (1724-1804), Life Sketch and Writing of Kant, Political Idea of Kant, Kant's Conception of Moral Freedom, Hegel's Criticism, Kant's views regarding State, Individualistic Elements in Kant's Thoughts, Kant and Social Contract, Kant's Views on Sovereignty and Law, Kant's Doctrine of Punishment and Duty, Against Revolution and War, Kant's Views on Functions of States, Kant's Views on Government, Kant's Views on Peace and Progress, Evaluation, Summary, A Brief life Sketch of Hegel, State and General Will, Freedom and State Absolutism, Nationalism and War, International Law, History, Property, Punishment, Evaluation, Hegel, Introductory, Hegel's Criticism of Kantian Conception of Freedom, Liberty is Possible only in Social Life, Is Hegelian Liberty a Mockery, Hegel regards State as Omnipotent, State is Above Natural Law and Morality, State is Unrestrained in international Field, Hegel is not a Pacifist, History, Criticism of Hegel's Conception of Freedom, View's of Green, Other Views, Evaluation, Summary, The Characteristic Feature of Hegel's Philosophy, Dialectic, State, Criticism of Hegel, Summary. 26. English Idealist Thinkers Green (1836-1882), His Life, Green's Writings, Sources of Green's Thought, Green on State, Green on Freedom, Principles of Political Obligation, Green on Rights, Individual Right of Resistance, Green on Property, Green on Punishment, Green on War, Green on Individualism, Green on General Will, Green and Hegel, Evaluation, Green's views on Liberty and Green's Positive Freedom, Green's Liberal Ideas, Green and Kant, Differences with Hegel, Summary, Political Obligation, Resistance to Authority, Negative Functions, Positive or Constructive Functions, Education, Evaluation, Summary, Green on Rights, The Right to resist the State, Natural Rights (Law), Natural Law, State and Other Association, Summary, Conventional Theories of the Punishment, Green's Conception of Punishment, Summary, Green's Views on Property, Criticism, Green about War, Importance of Right to Life, Green on Internationalism or Universal Brotherhood, Summary, Green's Political Thought, The contribution of Green to Modern Liberalism, Introduction, Individualistic and Liberal Influence on Green, Influence of Liberalism, Criticism, Estimate, Summary, Francis Herbert Bradley, Life, Ideas, Criticism, Evaluation, Summary, The Political Thought of George Benard Bosanquet, Introduction, Actual and Real Will, Institutions, The State, Public and Private Acts, Bosanquet on Punishment, War, Views on War and Difference with Green, Bosanquet and Hegel, Criticism, Evaluation, Summary, Views on State, Summary, Division. 27. Scientific School — Herbert Spencer Individualist (1820-1903 Biological Approach) His Life, His Writings, Sources of Spencer's Philosophy, Negative Functions of the State, Organic and Evolutionary Conception of Society, Evaluation, Summary, Spencer's Theory of Evolution, Influence of Darwin, Evolution of Society, Comparasion with Body, Support of Individualism, Summary, Evolution & Organic Theory, Evolution, Dissimilarities between State and Organism, Consequences of Organic Theory of the State, Mill Vs. Spencer, Summary, Views on Rights, Favour of Individualism by an Organic View of Spencer, Contribution of Spencer, Inconsistencies of Spencer's Thought, Estimate, Wright's Comments, Summary. 28. The Psycholocigal School (Bagehot, Graham Wallace and Mc-Dougal) Introduction, His Work, His Political Philosophy, The English Constitution, Estimate, Summary, Graham Wallas (1858-1930), Life, His Works, Introduction, Human Nature, His Book Great Society and its Impact, Evaluation, Summary, Introduction, His Works, His Political Ideas, Evaluation, Summary, Importance of Economics, Summary, Evaluation. 29. Socialism Introduction, Various Definitions, Socialism in India, Summary, Indian Outlook, Socialism in Modern age, Essentials of Socialism, Summary, Christian Socialists, Lauis Balance and Proudhan, Summary. 30. Karl Marx (1818-1883) Introduction, Engels, His Works, Evaluation, The Communist Manifesto, Advancement of Industries, Evaluation, Summary, Hegel's Influence, Views of Engels, Influence of Other Thinkers, Views of Stalin, Summary, Materialistic Conception of History, Importance of Economic Factors, Historical Process, Slave Society, Feudal Society, Capitalistic State, Socialistic Society, Communistic Society, Historical Determinism, Criticism, Summary, Marx's Theory of Class Struggle, Effect of Capitalist Society, Criticism, Summary, The Basic Principles of Marxism, Criticism, Surplus Value, Criticism, Summary, The Marxian Theory of the State, Hobbes's Influence, Importance of Working Class, Criticism, Summary, The Evaluation of Marxism, Clear Cut Theory, Terror to Exploiters, Demerits of Marxism, Revisionism, Summary, Conclusion.