Excerpt from A Guide to Regional Anatomy

Dissection. The skin has to be reflected from the anterior aspect of the chest and the axilla under the supervision of the demonstrator who will make the neces sary incisions. The descending cutaneous nerves that stream over the clavicle must be secured. An anterior cutaneous nerve will be found emerging next to the sternum in each of the upper six intercostal spaces except the first. The lateral cutaneous nerves (anterior and posterior branches) on the lateral aspect of the trunk ought also to be secured.

The mamma is usually atrophied in dissecting room subjects. It may be noted, however, that its lobules which are from twelve to twenty in number, are entirely superficial to the deep fascia. The so-called axillary tail of the gland extends into the axilla along the lower borders of the pectoral muscles. It con tains the efferent lymph vessels from the outer two thirds of the mamma. The ducts from the lobules open on the surface of the nipple.

The axilla or arm pit is a four sided space with a base and an apex; In each wall are found three structures, two of these being muscles The anterior wall is composed of the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor and the costo-coracoid mem brane. The posterior wall contains the subscapularis, the tendon of the latis simus dorsi and the teres major. The external wall exhibits the short head of the biceps, the coraco-brachialis and the surgical neck of the humerus, while the serratus magnus and the upper 5 or 6 ribs with their intercostal muscles constitute the internal wall. The base is dome shaped and formed by the skin. The three sided apex is bounded by the clavicle in front, the upper border of the scapula behind and the 1st rib internally (examine these in the skeleton).

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