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Grandes túneles: El túnel de San Gotardo

Grandes túneles: El túnel de San Gotardo

          
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Desde que tomó conciencia, el ser humano se embarcó en la misión de modificar su entorno en provecho propio. Esa capacidad de intentar cambiar el planeta a su gusto lleva decenas de miles de años (Description in English below).

Cavar la tierra y perforar la roca, primero con objetivos mineros y luego como vía de comunicación, figura en la lista de sus trabajos de ingeniería. Sin embargo, siempre existieron los túneles naturales que compitieron en belleza con los artificiales.

Si bien la definición corriente de "túnel" indica que se trata de un paso subterráneo abierto artificialmente para atravesar un obstáculo y establecer una comunicación entre dos puntos, la evolución de la humanidad llevó a que aquellos primitivos trabajos de ingeniería se transformaran en magníficas obras de la tecnología moderna, rozando, en algunos casos, características fantásticas.

El desarrollo de técnicas de ingeniería favoreció el trabajo de los primeros mineros en las civilizaciones sumeria y egipcia; la búsqueda de metales preciosos perfeccionó los recorridos en las minas mucho antes de la era industrial; la invención del ferrocarril tuvo como fin abrirse camino a través de montañas y ríos, con tal voracidad ingenieril que tampoco se detuvo cuando hubo que sortear estrechos y canales marinos. La necesidad de contar con un planeta cada vez más intercomunicado siguió proponiendo escenarios para construir túneles. Entonces, las montañas fueron reemplazadas por macizos; los canales, por mares, y ¿por qué no? hasta por océanos en un futuro cercano.

Desde el primer túnel excavado por debajo del río Támesis (desató una verdadera revolución a raíz de las máquinas utilizadas para tal fin) hasta las construcciones subterráneas que son imprescindibles para la comunicación, como acueductos, galerías en minas, canales para emisarios submarinos o los más sofisticados aceleradores de partículas, la evolución de la tecnología le permitió a la ingeniería resolver cada vez más rápido los desafíos propuestos por la naturaleza. ¿Cómo evolucionaron los métodos de excavación, sostenimiento y revestimiento? ¿Qué características tienen las tuneladoras? ¿Existen maquinarias y herramientas para la construcción de cada túnel?

Desde los primeros túneles modernos hasta el Eurotúnel, el túnel ferroviario de Seikan y el de base de Lötschberg se puede enumerar gran cantidad de avances gracias a los topos mecánicos empleados. El conocimiento y la tecnología disponibles en el sigloXXI hicieron posible la construcción del túnel de San Gotardo, en Suiza, vital para la conexión entre los países del norte y los del sur de Europa; del sistema SMART, en Kuala Lumpur, Malasia y del complejo Aqualine Bahía de Tokio.

Description in English: The growth of cities made communication over land difficult. Civil engineering developed techniques in the construction of tunnels to overcome natural obstacles and allow the subterranean movement of people and goods via underground, sub-river or underwater.

The knowledge and technology available in the 21st century made the construction of the St. Gothard tunnel in Switzerland possible, which was vital for connecting the countries in the north and south of Europe: from the SMART system in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to the Aqualine Bahia complex in Tokyo.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781681658766
  • Publisher: Amazon Digital Services LLC - KDP Print US
  • Publisher Imprint: American Book Group
  • Height: 234 mm
  • No of Pages: 138
  • Series Title: Biblioteca: Desafíos de la Tecnología
  • Sub Title: El túnel de San Gotardo
  • Width: 156 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1681658763
  • Publisher Date: 16 Mar 2021
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Spanish
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 8 mm
  • Weight: 204 gr


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