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Fusarium in Zuckerruben

Fusarium in Zuckerruben

          
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About the Book

Fusarium spp. konnen Zuckerruben in allen Entwicklungsstadien und im Lager befallen. Vor allem in den USA werden durch „Fusarium Yellows“ hohe Verluste im Ruben- und Weißzuckerertrag durch Fusarium spp. verursacht. Aber auch in Deutschland und anderen Teilen Europas werden Fusarium spp. haufig aus Rubenfaulen isoliert. Es gibt aber nicht nur pathogene Fusarien, sondern auch andere Lebensformen. Bei der Beurteilung der Ursache von Rubenfaulen mussen dementsprechend Primarpathogene von Endophyten und Saprobionten unterschieden werden. Im Rahmen eines zweijahrigen Feldversuchs an zwei Standorten in Sud-Niedersachsen wurde das Vorkommen von Fusarium spp. in erntefrischen und gesund-erscheinenden Zuckerruben untersucht. Durch unterschiedliche Lagerungsbedingungen wurde der Einfluss der Lagerdauer auf den saprotrophen Befall dargestellt. Dabei wurden aus durchschnittlich 12,7% der untersuchten Ruben Fusarien isoliert. In erntefrischen Ruben wurde am haufigsten F. redolens detektiert, wahrend aus langfristig gelagerten Ruben vor allem F. culmorum, F. cerealis und F. graminearum isoliert werden konnten. Isolate der insgesamt 13 bestimmten Fusarium spp. wurden im Gewachshaus auf ihre Pathogenitat an Zuckerruben getestet. Dabei zeigten nur einige mit F. graminearum und F. sambucinum inokulierte Pflanzen Symptome, die mit denen eines amerikanischen „Fusarium Yellows“-Isolats vergleichbar waren. Dadurch wurde die Hypothese bestatigt, dass Fusarien auch als Endophyten in gesun-den Zuckerruben vorkommen. Ausgewahlte Isolate aller im Feldversuch gefundenen Arten wurden in Reis angezogen und auf ihre potentielle Mykotoxinproduktion hin untersucht. Ne-ben A- und B-Trichothecenen, Zearalenon und Fumonisinen wurden unter anderem auch Beauvericin, Moniliformin und Enniatine gefunden. Letztere wurden vor allem durch die hau-fig aus erntefrischen Ruben isolierte Art F. redolens produziert. Die Bedeutung einer mogli-chen Mykotoxinkontamination von Zuckerruben wird diskutiert. Zudem wurde die Ubertragbarkeit von Fusarium uber die Fruchtfolgeglieder Zuckerrube und Weizen untersucht. In Gewachshausversuchen wurde Weizen mit Isolaten der sieben am haufigsten aus Zuckerrube isolierten Fusarium spp. inokuliert. Zusatzlich zu der bereits beschriebenen Pathogenitat von F. graminearum erwiesen sich mit F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. equiseti und F. tricinctum Zuckerruben-Isolaten von vier weiteren Fusarium spp. als pathogen in Weizen. Wahrend F. graminearum, F. culmorum und F. cerealis klassische „Fusarium Head Blight“-Symptome verursachten, waren F. equiseti und F. tricinctum deutlich weniger aggressiv. Dafur zeigten die Korner von Pflanzen, die mit diesen Arten inokuliert wurden einen erhohten Anteil an „Black Point“. Die Analyse ergab, dass „Black Point?-Korner deutlich mehr Mykotoxine enthielten als symptomlose infizierte Korner. Die Zuckerruben-Isolate von F. graminearum, F. culmorum und F. cerealis dagegen sorgten fur eine hohe Kontamination mit Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol und deren acetylierten Derivaten. Aufgrund dieser Untersuchungen kann keine Aussage daruber getroffen werden, ob Zuckerrubenernteruckstande als Inokulumquelle dienen. Im Rahmen der Fruchtfolge muss aber beachtet werden, dass auch Zuckerruben von Fusarium spp. kolonisiert werden, die in Weizen pathogen sind und zur Mykotoxinbildung fuhren konnen.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783869556765
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: German
  • Width: 218 mm
  • ISBN-10: 3869556765
  • Height: 210 mm
  • Weight: 9 gr

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