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Filosofia Fundamental

Filosofia Fundamental

          
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About the Book

El pensamiento filosófico español del siglo XIX abraza dos direcciones bien diferenciadas: por un lado, la tradicionalista, que viene ilustrada por el escolástica y, por otro lado, la liberal, más receptiva con las nuevas corrientes filosóficas europeas. Si hay un pensador que, de algún modo, adopta ambas, ése es Jaime Balmes, pues poseyó una formación escolástica convencional que, sin embargo, compaginó con su adscripción a la escuela catalana del sentido común. De hecho, Balmes es considerado hoy como el más eminente restaurador de la primera, y el miembro de mayor relevancia de la segunda. A. Guy le ha juzgado como "el mejor filósofo del siglo XIX español," aunque en su tiempo fue criticado, por los liberales, que le veían como el más tradicionalista de los escolásticos, y, por éstos, que le consideraban un progresista heterodoxo.
About the Author: Jaime Luciano Antonio Balmes y Urpiá, conocido habitualmente como Jaime Balmes, fue un filósofo, teólogo, apologista, sociólogo y tratadista político español. Generalmente la filosofía de Balmes es entendida meramente como filosofía del sentido común, cuando en realidad se trata de algo bastante más complejo. Tanto en Filosofía fundamental como en Filosofía elemental (siendo ésta segunda obra de carácter más divulgativo) se trata el tema de la certeza. Balmes divide la verdad en tres clases irreductibles, si bien hablamos de la misma cual si sólo fuera una. Estas son las verdades subjetivas, las verdades racionales y las verdades objetivas. El primer tipo de verdad, la subjetiva, puede ser entendida como una realidad presente para el sujeto, que es real pero depende de la percepción del hablante. Por ejemplo, afirmar que se tiene frío o que se tiene sed son verdades subjetivas. El segundo tipo, la racional, es la verdad lógica y matemática, valiendo como ejemplo cualquier operación de éste tipo. Finalmente, la verdad objetiva se entiende como aquella que -aún percibida por todos- no entra dentro de la categoría de verdad racional: afirmar que el cielo es azul, o que en el bosque hay árboles. Los tres tipos de verdad son irreductibles, y los métodos de captación difieren de una a la otra. Por ello, es menester que la filosofía plantee en primer lugar qué tipo de verdad buscamos. Para Balmes no existe la posibilidad de dudar de todo: haciendo afirmación tal, olvidamos que hay una serie de reglas del pensar que admitimos como verdades para poder dudar. De forma similar a lo planteado por San Agustín o Descartes, afirmar que dudamos implica necesariamente la certeza de que estamos dudando. De ésta manera, también la duda es una certeza. Es imposible un auténtico escéptico radical, pues no existe la duda universal. La certeza es natural e intuitiva como la duda, y anterior a la filosofía. Así, la certeza común y natural engloba también a la certeza filosófica cartesiana. Para llegar a esta certeza, son necesarios los llamados criterios, los medios mediante los cuales podemos acceder a la verdad. Hay gran cantidad de criterios por haber, también, varios tipos de verdades. Sin embargo, Balmes prefiere distribuirlos en tres: los criterios de conciencia, los de evidencia y los de sentido común.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781535423793
  • Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Publisher Imprint: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 122
  • Series Title: Spanish
  • Weight: 172 gr
  • ISBN-10: 153542379X
  • Publisher Date: 28 Nov 2016
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Spanish
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 7 mm
  • Width: 152 mm

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