The environmental impact of industry is often profound and far-reaching, and has long been present in the cultural landscape, but research into the nature and relative importance of industrial activity has been somewhat neglected by environmental archaeologists. This volume presents eighteen papers deriving from a conference of the Association for Environmental Archaeology; they aim to bridge the gap between environmental and industrial archaeology. The papers address several major issues including: the effects of mining and smelting on sedimentation and vegetation in river catchments, the environmental impact of industries which are based on high-temperature processes and require reliable sources of fuel, such as metallurgy, pottery, glass and lime-making; the environmental impact of industrial processes based on biological raw materials, such as horn, bone, hides and shell; and the effects of industry on human health. Contents: Setting the Scene ( F Chambers ); Reconstructing the environmental impact of past metallurgical activities ( P D Marshall ); An environmental approach to the archaeology of tin mining on Dartmoor ( V Thorndycraft, D Pirriet and A G Brown ); Wood-based industrial fuels and their environmental impact in lowland Britain ( R Gale ); The iron production industry and its extensive demand upon woodland resources: A case study from Creeton Quarry, Lincolnshire ( J Cowgill ); Tanning and horn-working at late- and post- mediaeval Bruges ( A Ervynck, B Hillewaert, A Maes and M van Strydonck ); Tawyers, tanners, horn trade and the mystery of the missing goat ( U Albarella ); Choice and use of shells for artefacts at Roman sites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt ( S Hamilton-Dyer ); Industrial activities - some suggested microstratigraphic signatures ( R Macphail ); Deriving information efficiently from surveys of artefact distribution ( R S Shiel and S B Mohamed ); Can we identify biological indicator groups for craft, industry and other activities? ( A Hall and H Kenward ); Archaeological arthropod faunas as indicators of past industrial activitie( J Schelvis ); Charred mollusc shells as indicators of industrial activities ( P Murphy ); Saxon flax retting in river channels and the apparent lack of water pollution ( M Robinson ); The rise and fall of Rickets in England ( S A Mays ); A comparison of health in past rural, urban and industrial England ( M Lewis ); Determining occupation from skeletal remains - is it possible? ( T Waldron and W Birch ); The disposal and decomposition of human and animal remains( D W Hopkins and P E J Wiltshire ).