About the Book

This book is as per the revised syllabus of Engineering Physics-I (NAS-101), Engineering Physics-II (NAS-201) and Practical (NAS-151/251) of Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU), Lucknow. Basic principles and applications of Engineering Physics are explained a simple, lucid and systematic manner. Beginners will understand complex ideas easily through appropriate examples, neatly drawn diagrams, tables wherever required, etc. Accompanying LAB MANUAL provides detailed theory, method, observation table and question and answer for viva-voce. It provides complete information on all experiments prescribed as per UPTU syllabus.

About the Author

Dr. A. K. Katiyar is Professor in Department of Applied Sciences, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow. He has many years of teaching and research experience in various engineering institutes. He has published more than 40 research papers in different reputed International and National journals / conferences and attended various International and National conferences. Dr. C. K. Pandey is teaching and research experience spans nine years. He has published 30 research papers of which 23 are in reputed International and national Journals in the field of energy. He is also a referee of various reputed International journals.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Relativistic Mechanics 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Some Important Terms 1.3 Frame of Reference 1.4 Earth: Inertial or Non-Inertial Frame of Reference? 1.5 Ether Hypothesis 1.6 Michelson-Morley Experiment 1.7 Einstein’s Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity 1.8 Galilean Transformation 1.9 Lorentz Transformations 1.10 Inverse Lorentz Transformations Equations 1.11 Consequences of Lorentz Transformations 1.12 Twin Paradox in Special Relativity 1.13 Transformation of Velocities or Addition of Velocities 1.14 Variation of Mass with Velocity 1.15 Expression for the Relativistic Kinetic Energy 1.16 Einstein’s Mass-Energy Relation 1.17 Relativistic Relation between Energy and Momentum 1.18 Massless Particles Chapter 2 Wave Mechanics 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Wave-Particle Duality 2.3 de-Broglie Hypothesis 2.4 de-Broglie’s Wavelength 2.5 de-Broglie Wavelength for a Free Particle in Terms of its Kinetic Energy 2.6 Analysis of Matter Wave or de-Broglie Wave 2.7 Davisson and Germer Experiment 2.8 Bohr’s Quantization Condition 2.9 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity 2.10 Phase Velocity of de-Broglie Waves 2.11 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle 2.12 Schrödinger Wave Equation 2.13 Physical Interpretation of Wave Function y 2.14 Normalized Wave Function 2.15 Properties of Wave Function 2.16 Eigenvalues and Eigen functions 2.17 Applications of Schrödinger Wave Equations 2.18 Energy Eigenvalues 2.19 Eigen function (Normalization of Wave Function) Chapter 3 Wave Optics: Interference 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Interference of Light 3.3 Superposition 3.4 Types of Interference 3.5 Theory of Interference 3.6 Coherent Sources 3.7 Fringe Width 3.8 Interference in Thin Films 3.9 Colors of Thin Films 3.10 Interference in Thin Film Due to Wedge-Shaped or Thin Film Interference of Increasing Thickness 3.11 Fringe Width 3.12 Newton Rings 3.13 Determination of the Refractive Index of a Liquid Chapter 4 Diffraction of Light 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Classification of Diffraction 4.3 An Important Mathematical Analysis 4.4 Fraunhofer Diffraction at a Single Slit 4.5 Fraunhofer Diffraction due to Double Slit 4.6 Condition for Absent Spectra or Missing Spectra 4.7 Fraunhofer Diffraction due to N Slits or Plane Diffraction Grating 4.8 Dispersive Power of Diffraction Grating 4.9 Difference between Prism and Grating Spectra 4.10 Resolving Power 4.11 Rayleigh’s Criterion for Resolution 4.12 Resolving Power of Plane Transmission Grating Chapter 5 Polarization of Light 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Transverse Nature of Light 5.3 Double Refraction and Doubly Refracting Crystals 5.4 Huygen’s Theory of Double Refraction 5.5 Nicol Prism 5.6 Mathematical Treatment for Production and Analysis of Plane, Circularly and Elliptical Polarized Light 5.7 Retardation Plates 5.8 Production and Analysis of Plane, Circularly and Elliptical Polarized Light Chapter 6 Laser 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Characteristics of Laser Beam 6.3 Concept of Coherence 6.4 Absorption of Radiation 6.5 Spontaneous Emission of Radiation 6.6 Stimulated Emission of Radiation 6.7 Principle of Laser Action 6.8 Various Levels of Laser System 6.9 Ruby Laser 6.10 Helium-Neon (He-Ne) Laser 6.11 Applications of Laser Chapter 7 Fiber Optics and Holography 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Light Propagation in an Optical Fiber 7.3 Acceptance Angle, Acceptance Cone and Numerical Aperture 7.4 Modes of Fiber and Normalized Frequency 7.5 Types of Fiber 7.6 Comparison of Single-Mode and Multimode Index Fiber 7.7 Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 7.8 Applications of Optical Fiber 7.9 Holography Chapter 8 Crystal Structure 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Space Lattice or Crystal Lattice 8.3 Crystal Translational Vectors 8.4 Unit Cells 8.5 Lattice Parameters 8.6 Density of an Element in terms of Lattice Parameter or Lattice Constant 8.7 Seven Crystal Systems 8.8 Bravais Lattices 8.9 Atomic Radius 8.10 Co-Ordination Number and Nearest Neighbor Distance 8.11 Crystal Structure 8.12 Lattice Planes and Miller Indices 8.13 Reciprocal Lattices 8.14 Diffraction of X-Rays by Crystal Chapter 9 Dielectrics 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Dielectric Constant 9.3 Polar and Non-Polar Molecules 9.4 Dielectric Polarization 9.5 Types of Polarization 9.6 Displacement Vector 9.7 Relation between D, E and P 9.8 Relation between P and K 9.9 Relation between Electrical Susceptibility ce and K 9.10 Internal Fields in Liquids and Solids 9.11 Clausius-Mossotti Equation 9.12 Frequency Dependence of the Dielectric Constant 9.13 Dielectric Loss and Loss Tangent 9.14 Application of Dielectrics Chapter 10 Magnetic Properties of Materials 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Magnetic Dipole Moment due to an Electron: Bohr Magneton 10.3 Classification of Materials 10.4 Langevin’s Theory of Diamagnetism 10.5 Hysteresis 10.6 Hysteresis Loss 10.7 Hysteresis Loss in B-H Curve 10.8 Hysteresis Loss in I-H Curve 10.9 Comparison between Soft Iron and Steel 10.10 Use of Hysteresis Curve Chapter 11 Electromagnetics 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Displacement Current 11.3 Equation of Continuity 11.4 Modification of Ampere’s Law 11.5 Maxwell’s Equations 11.6 Maxwell’s Equation in Integral Form 11.7 Physical Significance of Maxwell’s Equations 11.8 Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem 11.9 Plane Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space 11.10 Transverse Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 11.11 Characteristic Impedance 11.12 Electromagnetic Waves in Dielectric Medium 11.13 Electromagnetic Waves in Conducting Medium 11.14 Skin Depth Chapter 12 Semiconductors 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Types of Semiconductors 12.3 Band Theory of Solids 12.4 Energy Bands in Solids 12.5 Conductivity of Semiconductors 12.6 Density of States 12.7 Fermi-Dirac Distribution 12.8 Free Carrier Density or Concentration of Electrons in the Conduction Band 12.9 Free Carrier Density or Concentration of Holes in the Valence Band 12.10 Position of Fermi Level in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors Chapter 13 Superconductivity 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Temperature Dependence of Resistivity in Superconductors 13.3 Critical Field 13.4 Critical Current and Current Density 13.5 Effect of Magnetic Field (Meissner Effect) 13.6 Type I and Type II Superconductor 13.7 BCS Theory 13.8 High-Temperature Superconductivity 13.9 Characteristics of Superconductors 13.10 Applications of Superconductors Chapter 14 Nanotechnology 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Nanomaterials 14.3 Types of Nanomaterials Short Answers of Some Important Questions Important Points and Formulas Multiple Choice Questions Short Answer Type Questions Long Answer Type Questions Answers Experiments for Physics Laboratory - I Paper NAS 101 Paper NAS 201