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Der Polykratische Tempel Im Heraion Von Samos

Der Polykratische Tempel Im Heraion Von Samos

          
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About the Book

English summary: For Herodotus, the Polycratic Temple in the Heraion (the sanctuary of the goddess Hera) on the island of Samos was the largest temple of which he knew: an enormous building 55 meters wide and 110 meters in length. Its inner-chamber (cella) was surrounded by a double-circle of columns close to 20 meters in height. Unfortunately, of this once magnificent building, only a half-standing pillar has survived as a mute witness, marking the place where the temple once stood and guiding excavation efforts in more recent times. The foundations were excavated nearly a century ago and have impressed visitors to the site ever since, particularly the few remaining bases of the pillars and the unique leaf-wreathed capitals, which have been recovered wholly intact. How the remaining architecture of this temple should be visualized, though, has remained unclear. Gottfried Grube, the well-known architectural scholar and Munich-based professor, had worked for more than fifty years to collect all of the fragments associated with this temple in order to organize then and understand them graphically. The first result of this work was the reconstruction of the capitals, a project he worked on as a graduate student. His description of this important element of the temple quickly became standard in the literature; the capitals of the Temple of Hera have been considered as one of the best-known types of Ionian architecture ever since. The actual approach of Grubens study, however, has remained unpublished. In this posthumously edited publication the complete set of materials in which Gruben attempted to elucidate the architecture of the temple is finally presented. Gruben succeeded in preparing a complete image of the building and illustrating it through highly detailed sketches. He identified the columns of the outer and internal peristasis (the hall of columns surrounding the inner temple) and distinguished between the portico and the inner temple. All of his architectural arrangements can be safely reconstructed and the portico and capitals can also be properly designated within the whole structure. The result gives the clear impression that the temple of Samos was not a hypaethral (unroofed) structure, unlike the neighboring temples in Ephesus and Didyma. The Polycratic Temple was the successor building of the first double-columned porch temple, which soon after its completion, on account of poor foundations, had to be demolished. The monumental building was begun under the famous tyrant Polycrates, though on account of the successive political turmoil, he was never able to complete it. Grubens research has produced a convincing image of the most complete state of the temple. German description: Fur Herodot war der Polykratische Tempel im Heraion von Samos der grosste Tempel, von dem er Kenntnis hatte - ein Riesenbau von rund 55 m Breite und 110 m Lange. Seine Cella war umgeben von einem doppelten Saulenkranz von rund 20 m Hohe. Erhalten hat sich davon gerade noch eine halbe aufrechtstehende Saule, die als stummer Zeuge durch alle Zeiten den Bauplatz markiert und schliesslich den Ausgrabern den Weg gewiesen hat. Die Fundamente wurden vor rund 100 Jahren freigelegt und beeindrucken seitdem den Besucher ebenso, wie die wenigen Exemplare der Saulenbasen und der einzigartigen Blattkranzkapitelle, die vollstandig erhalten ans Licht kamen. Wie man sich die Architektur dieses Tempels vorstellen sollte, blieb unbekannt. Gottfried Gruben, der bekannte Bauforscher und Munchener Professor, hat sich vor mehr als 50 Jahren daran gemacht, alle zu diesem Tempel gehorenden Fragmente zusammenzutragen, zu ordnen und zeichnerisch zu erfassen. Als erstes Resultat entstand die Rekonstruktion des Kapitells, mit der er als junger Mann promoviert wurde. Seine Zeichnung von diesem wichtigen Bauteil des Tempels hat schnell die Handbucher erobert; das Kapitell des Heratempels gehort seitdem zu den bestbekannten Typen der ionischen Architektur. Der eigentliche Umfang von Grubens Studie blieb dagegen unveroffentlicht. In der posthum herausgegebenen Publikation wird nunmehr das gesamte damals erarbeitete Material vorgelegt und die Architektur des Tempels erlautert. Gruben gelang es, ein vollstandiges Bild des Bauwerks zu erarbeiten und in ausserst anschaulichen Zeichnungen darzustellen. Er identifizierte die Saulen der ausseren und inneren Peristase und unterschied zwischen denen des Pronaos und der Cella. Alle diese Ordnungen konnten zuverlassig rekonstruiert, allen konnte auch der jeweilige Saulenhals sowie das Kapitell zugeordnet werden. Klar wird auf diese Weise auch, dass der samische Tempel anders als die Nachbarbauten in Ephesos und Didyma kein hypathraler Bau war. Der Tempel des Polykrates ist der Nachfolgerbau des ersten Dipteros, der bald nach seiner Fertigstellung wegen unzureichender Fundamente abgetragen werden musste. Begonnen wurde der monumentale Bau von dem beruhmten Tyrannen, wegen des folgenden politischen Umbruchs konnte er aber nie vollendet werden. Grubens Untersuchung hat jedoch ein uberzeugendes Bild des erreichten Zustandes erbracht.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783954900411
  • Publisher: Dr Ludwig Reichert
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Language: German
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 30 mm
  • Width: 229 mm
  • ISBN-10: 3954900416
  • Publisher Date: 28 Nov 2014
  • Height: 302 mm
  • No of Pages: 356
  • Series Title: Samos
  • Weight: 1744 gr


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