Autobiography as a literary genre is diverse and complex—and Dalit Personal Narratives is an attempt to understand its multiple meanings expressed and mediated through different identities such as caste, class, ethnicity, religion, language and gender.
Raj Kumar's pioneering book primary examines Dalit autobiographies. It is a historic breakthrough because till recently, Dalits in India were voiceless. These narratives thus symbolise how Dalits are breaking down the age-old barrier of silence. Focusing on multiple marginalities pertaining to caste, nation and identity, the author has followed an inter-disciplinary approach across disciplines such as history, sociology, law, religion, philosophy and gender studies apart from English literature, to bring to the reader remarkably different personal narratives both Dalit men and women. The autobiographies are located against a socio-cultural background, along with the emergence of Dalit literature, Dalit caste and class exploitations that call for the restoration of dignity and self-respect. In itself, the very emergence of Dalit autobiography is an act of resistance because Dalits are using this opportunity to assert their identities through their writings. Through the autobiographies, one gets a glimpse into the life of a community struggling against deprivation, discrimination and exploitation at the hands of a society ridden with caste biases and unequal opportunities.
It also traces the origin of autobiographical writing in the West and follows its development both thematically and structurally by analysing the autobiographies of Saint Augustine, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Benjamin Franklin and J.S. Mill. Also discussed are autobiographies of upper caste Indian public personalities, including M.K. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. The personal narratives of upper caste Indian women, however—like Rassundari Devi, Binodini Dasi and others—reveal their under-privileged status in a patriarchal system.
Dalits Personal Narratives will add significantly to the growing corpus of scholarship on caste in India, particularly Dalit and gender studies. Raj Kumar's realistic yet simple style of writing grips the reader immediately. It is also a valuable reference for students of literature, history, sociology, and those interested in the genre of the autobiography and studies on ethnicity, culture and society.
