1. Introduction................................................................................1
References....................................................................................3
2. Classification of boriding techniques..................................................5
References....................................................................................8
3. Borided materials.........................................................................9
References.................................................................................13
4. Trends in thermochemical techniques of boriding.................................17
4.1 Boriding in solid media..........................................................17 4.1.1 Powder-pack boriding....................................................17
4.1.2 Paste boriding..............................................................31
4.2 Boriding in liquid media.........................................................36 4.2.1 Boriding in chloride, fluoride or carbonate salt baths using
reducers with boron......................................................37
4.2.2 Boriding in molten borate baths using reducers with boron.........42
4.2.3 Boriding in molten borate baths using reducers without boron.....46
4.2.4 Electrochemical boriding in molten salt baths.........................50
4.2.5 Boriding in fluidized bed................................................61
4.3 Gas boriding.......................................................................67
4.3.1 Gas boriding with the use of boron halides...........................67
4.3.2 Gas boriding with the use of boranes and other boron sources.....82
4.3.3 Thermodynamics of gas boriding with the use of boron
trichloride as a boron source.............................................86
References.................................................................................94
5. Trends in physical techniques of boriding........................................105
5.1 Boriding under glow-discharge conditions..................................105
5.1.1 Plasma gas boriding.....................................................105
5.1.2 Plasma paste boriding...................................................117
5.1.3 Plasma electrolytic boriding...........................................123
5.1.4 Spark plasma sintering boriding.......................................135
About the Author: Michal Kulka is Associate Professor and Head of Division of Metal Science and Surface Engineering at the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Management at Poznan University of Technology, Poland. His specialties are: gas boriding, growth kinetics of boride layers, borocarburizing, laser surface alloying with boron, plasma paste boriding, gas carburizing, gas nitriding, laser modification of diffusion layers (borided, carburized and nitrided layers), low-cycle fatigue, wear, mechanical and nanomechanical properties of the diffusion layers.
