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Cratyle, ou de la Propriété des Noms

Cratyle, ou de la Propriété des Noms

          
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About the Book

Le Cratyle est un dialogue de logique de Platon portant sur la question de la rectitude des noms. L'oeuvre est composée entre le Ve et le IVe siècle av. J.-C. Il s'agit de savoir si la langue est un système de signes arbitraires ou naturels démontrant une relation intrinsèque avec ce qu'ils représentent. Une grande partie du dialogue est utilisée pour une analyse étymologique.Le dialogue a lieu entre trois personnages: Socrate, Cratyle et Hermogène.Socrate examine deux thèses opposées sur la vérité du langage et deux quêtes du sens du mot: celle d'Hermogène, qui soutient que les noms sont justes en fonction d'une convention et celle de Cratyle, qui soutient que les noms sont justes par nature. En filigrane de la pensée d'Hermogène, on retrouve la thèse de Protagoras selon laquelle l'homme est la mesure de toute chose: appliquée au langage, cette thèse affirme que c'est l'homme qui donne un sens à toute chose, et la vérité du monde appartient dès lors au monde social humain. À l'inverse, Cratyle, philosophe héraclitéen, affirmant la justesse naturelle des noms, propose une nature qui a un sens, mais échappe aux hommes: tout est dans un flux perpétuel, le mobilisme héraclitéen poussé à l'absurde. Pour réfuter ces deux visions du monde, Socrate va faire exploser l'adéquation jusque-là idyllique entre mot et nom.Contre Hermogène, Socrate établit que les mots sont des instruments qui servent à nommer la réalité; ils ont donc un lien avec elle: les choses ont une existence qui ne dépend pas de nous et donc les actes qui s'y rapportent ne dépendent pas non plus de nous. Or, parler est un acte et nommer une partie de cet acte qui se rapporte aux choses. Euthydème est évoqué et réfuté tout n'est pas de même à la fois et toujours pour tout le monde. Pour Socrate, la vérité est pour chacun ce qui lui semble et la réalité n'est ni relative à chacun, ni dépendante de chacun, et elle ne varie pas au gré de la manière de voir, mais elle subsiste en elle-même, selon leur essence et leur constitution naturelle. Une tentative de conciliation des deux thèses est proposée par Socrate: Voyons, qui fait que les choses s'appellent ainsi qu'elles s'appellent? N'est-ce pas ce qui a inventé les noms? Or il faut que ce soit l'intelligence ou des dieux ou des hommes, ou des uns et des autres. Donc, ce qui a appelé les choses par leur nom, t? ?a sa?, et le beau, t? ?a, sont la même chose, à savoir l'intelligence.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9798618469203
  • Publisher: Independently Published
  • Publisher Imprint: Independently Published
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 196
  • Spine Width: 11 mm
  • Width: 152 mm
  • ISBN-10: 8618469203
  • Publisher Date: 05 Feb 2020
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: French
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 267 gr


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