Home > Science & Mathematics > Astronomy, space & time > Characteristics of Suprathermal Electrons in the Martian Ionosphere
13%
Characteristics of Suprathermal Electrons in the Martian Ionosphere

Characteristics of Suprathermal Electrons in the Martian Ionosphere

          
5
4
3
2
1

Out of Stock


Premium quality
Premium quality
Bookswagon upholds the quality by delivering untarnished books. Quality, services and satisfaction are everything for us!
Easy Return
Easy return
Not satisfied with this product! Keep it in original condition and packaging to avail easy return policy.
Certified product
Certified product
First impression is the last impression! Address the book’s certification page, ISBN, publisher’s name, copyright page and print quality.
Secure Checkout
Secure checkout
Security at its finest! Login, browse, purchase and pay, every step is safe and secured.
Money back guarantee
Money-back guarantee:
It’s all about customers! For any kind of bad experience with the product, get your actual amount back after returning the product.
On time delivery
On-time delivery
At your doorstep on time! Get this book delivered without any delay.
Notify me when this book is in stock
Add to Wishlist

About the Book

The red planet in the night sky has always been attracting human attention from ancient times of visual observations with the naked eye to the modern era of spacecraft measurements. The Martian atmosphere is characterized by variations in its atmospheric composition and thermal structure, as observed across its lower and upper regions. The formation of the ionosphere along with the vertical profiles of ions and electrons, sets the plasma environment of Mars.

Mars is about half the size of Earth by diameter and the acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 40% lesser than on Earth. As a result, the escape velocity on Mars is nearly half that on Earth. The smaller escape velocity on Mars makes it easier for its atmospheric gases to escape from the planet's gravity. In addition, while Earth possesses a strong dipole magnetic field, such an intrinsic magnetic field is absent for Mars. However, it possesses spatially asymmetric inhomogeneous magnetic fields. It is believed that dynamo activity in Mars' core, which produces the intrinsic magnetic field, shut off 4.1 Gyr ago and the magnetic anomalies seen currently are the remnant fields induced by the crustal rocks during the active phase of the Martian internal dynamo. More on the crustal magnetic anomalies will be discussed in section 1.5. Due to the lack of an intrinsic magnetic field, Mars does not have a global protective shield and hence the solar wind interacts directly with its atmosphere. The smaller gravity and direct interaction with the solar wind together result in more and more escape of gases from the Martian atmosphere.

Similar to Earth, altitudinal variation of the neutral atmospheric temperature on Mars results in the layered structure of its atmosphere. The vertical structure of the Mars's atmosphere can be broadly divided into three distinct regions: troposphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The troposphere extends from the surface up to 60 km and has a lapse rate of 2.5 K/km. Dust particles suspended in the atmosphere absorb the solar radiation and act as an additional heat source at these altitudes, resulting in a lower lapse rate than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. Temperature variation in the troposphere is controlled majorly by solar radiation. Large-scale circulation systems majorly control the stabilization of the heat sources. It is important to note that, unlike Earth, Mars does not have a stratosphere.


Best Sellers



Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9798224215119
  • Publisher: Draft2digital
  • Publisher Imprint: Mohammed Abdul Sattar
  • Height: 279 mm
  • No of Pages: 150
  • Spine Width: 8 mm
  • Width: 216 mm
  • ISBN-10: 8224215113
  • Publisher Date: 04 Jan 2024
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 363 gr


Similar Products

How would you rate your experience shopping for books on Bookswagon?

Add Photo
Add Photo

Customer Reviews

REVIEWS           
Click Here To Be The First to Review this Product
Characteristics of Suprathermal Electrons in the Martian Ionosphere
Draft2digital -
Characteristics of Suprathermal Electrons in the Martian Ionosphere
Writing guidlines
We want to publish your review, so please:
  • keep your review on the product. Review's that defame author's character will be rejected.
  • Keep your review focused on the product.
  • Avoid writing about customer service. contact us instead if you have issue requiring immediate attention.
  • Refrain from mentioning competitors or the specific price you paid for the product.
  • Do not include any personally identifiable information, such as full names.

Characteristics of Suprathermal Electrons in the Martian Ionosphere

Required fields are marked with *

Review Title*
Review
    Add Photo Add up to 6 photos
    Would you recommend this product to a friend?
    Tag this Book
    Read more
    Does your review contain spoilers?
    What type of reader best describes you?
    I agree to the terms & conditions
    You may receive emails regarding this submission. Any emails will include the ability to opt-out of future communications.

    CUSTOMER RATINGS AND REVIEWS AND QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS TERMS OF USE

    These Terms of Use govern your conduct associated with the Customer Ratings and Reviews and/or Questions and Answers service offered by Bookswagon (the "CRR Service").


    By submitting any content to Bookswagon, you guarantee that:
    • You are the sole author and owner of the intellectual property rights in the content;
    • All "moral rights" that you may have in such content have been voluntarily waived by you;
    • All content that you post is accurate;
    • You are at least 13 years old;
    • Use of the content you supply does not violate these Terms of Use and will not cause injury to any person or entity.
    You further agree that you may not submit any content:
    • That is known by you to be false, inaccurate or misleading;
    • That infringes any third party's copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret or other proprietary rights or rights of publicity or privacy;
    • That violates any law, statute, ordinance or regulation (including, but not limited to, those governing, consumer protection, unfair competition, anti-discrimination or false advertising);
    • That is, or may reasonably be considered to be, defamatory, libelous, hateful, racially or religiously biased or offensive, unlawfully threatening or unlawfully harassing to any individual, partnership or corporation;
    • For which you were compensated or granted any consideration by any unapproved third party;
    • That includes any information that references other websites, addresses, email addresses, contact information or phone numbers;
    • That contains any computer viruses, worms or other potentially damaging computer programs or files.
    You agree to indemnify and hold Bookswagon (and its officers, directors, agents, subsidiaries, joint ventures, employees and third-party service providers, including but not limited to Bazaarvoice, Inc.), harmless from all claims, demands, and damages (actual and consequential) of every kind and nature, known and unknown including reasonable attorneys' fees, arising out of a breach of your representations and warranties set forth above, or your violation of any law or the rights of a third party.


    For any content that you submit, you grant Bookswagon a perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free, transferable right and license to use, copy, modify, delete in its entirety, adapt, publish, translate, create derivative works from and/or sell, transfer, and/or distribute such content and/or incorporate such content into any form, medium or technology throughout the world without compensation to you. Additionally,  Bookswagon may transfer or share any personal information that you submit with its third-party service providers, including but not limited to Bazaarvoice, Inc. in accordance with  Privacy Policy


    All content that you submit may be used at Bookswagon's sole discretion. Bookswagon reserves the right to change, condense, withhold publication, remove or delete any content on Bookswagon's website that Bookswagon deems, in its sole discretion, to violate the content guidelines or any other provision of these Terms of Use.  Bookswagon does not guarantee that you will have any recourse through Bookswagon to edit or delete any content you have submitted. Ratings and written comments are generally posted within two to four business days. However, Bookswagon reserves the right to remove or to refuse to post any submission to the extent authorized by law. You acknowledge that you, not Bookswagon, are responsible for the contents of your submission. None of the content that you submit shall be subject to any obligation of confidence on the part of Bookswagon, its agents, subsidiaries, affiliates, partners or third party service providers (including but not limited to Bazaarvoice, Inc.)and their respective directors, officers and employees.

    Accept

    New Arrivals



    Inspired by your browsing history


    Your review has been submitted!

    You've already reviewed this product!