Cell-penetrating Peptides. Methods and Protocols. Űlo Langel, Editor Table of Contents: Table of Contents Preface Contributors Part I. Introduction 1. Classes and prediction of cell-penetrating peptides Maria Lindgren and Ülo Langel 2. Penetratin story: an overview Edmond Dupont, Alain Prochiantz and Alain Joliot Part II. Methods to test mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides 3. Testing membrane interactions of CPPs Astrid Gräslund and Lena Mäler 4. Interactions of amphipathic CPPs with model membranes Sébastien Deshayes, Karidia Konate, Gudrun Aldrian, Frédéric Heitz, and Gilles Divita 5. NMR studies of three-dimensional structure and positioning of CPPs in membrane model systems Lena Mäler and Astrid Gräslund 6. Measurements of the intracellular stability of CPPs Ivo R. Ruttekolk, Wouter P. R. Verdurmen, Yi-Da Chung, and Roland Brock 7. Tools for predicting binding and insertion of CPPs into lipid bilayers Paulo Almeida 8. Studies of proteoglycan involvement in CPP-mediated delivery Anders Wittrup, Si-He Zhang and Mattias Belting 9. Uptake Kinetics of cell-penetrating peptides Anders Florén, Imre Mäger, and Ülo Langel 10. Thermodynamics of lipid interactions with cell-penetrating peptides Reto Sauder, Joachim Seelig and André Ziegler 11. Calcium and membrane repair Caroline Palm-Apergi, and Mattias Hällbrink 12. Mapping of protein transduction pathways with fluorescent microscopy Helin Räägel, Pille Säälik, Ülo Langel, and Margus Pooga 13. Insight into cell-entry mechanisms of CPPs by electron microscopy Kärt Padari, Annely Lorents, Eija Jokitalo and Margus Pooga 14. Toxicity methods for CPPs Per Lundin, Samir EL Andaloussi and Ülo Langel 15. Comparison of CPP uptake methods Tina Holm, Samir EL Andaloussi, and Ülo Langel 16. Characterization of cellular internalization pathways for CPP-mediated oligonucleotide delivery Peter Guterstam, Samir EL Andaloussi and Ülo Langel Part III. Functionality and cell-penetrating peptides 17. Mimicry of protein function with cell-penetrating peptides Henrik Johansson, Samir EL Andaloussi and Ülo Langel 18. Homeoprotein intercellular transfer, the hidden face of cell-penetrating peptides Alain Prochiantz 19. Pharmacology, biodistribution, and efficacy of GPCR-based pepducins in disease models Sarah L. Tressel, Georgios Koukos, Boris Tchernychev, Suzanne L. Jacques, Lidija Covic, Athan Kuliopulos 20. Identification and Characterization of Tissue-Specific Protein Transduction Domains using Peptide Phage Display Maliha Zahid, and Paul D. Robbins 21. Applications of Cell Penetrating Peptides as Signal Transduction Modulators for the Selective Induction of Apoptosis Sarah Jones and John Howl Part IV. Applications of CPPs in gene modulation 22. Splice Redirection as a Convenient Assay to Monitor CPP-ON Efficiency and Mechanism Rachida Abes, Andrey A. Arzumanov, Amer F. Saleh, Fatouma Said Hassane, Michael J. Gait and Bernard Lebleu 23. CPP directed oligonucleotide exon skipping in animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy HaiFang Yin, Hong Moulton, Corinne Betts and Matthew Wood 24. PTD-DRBD siRNA delivery Caroline Palm-Apergi, Akiko Eguchi, and Steven F. Dowdy 25. A non-covalent peptide-based strategy for siRNA delivery Laurence Crombez, and Gilles Divita 26. Application of PepFect peptides for the delivery of splice correcting oligonucleotides Samir EL Andaloussi, Taavi Lehto, Per Lundin, and Ülo Langel 27. Internalization of nucleoside phosphates into live cells by complex formation with different CPPs and JBS-Nucleoducin Franziska Mussbach, Regina Pietrucha, Buerk Schaefer and Siegmund Reissmann 28. Enhanced cellular delivery of cell-penetrating peptide -peptide nucleic acid conjugates by photochemical internalization (PCI). Takehiko Shiraishi, and Peter E. Nielsen Part V. CPP in vivo and as future drugs 29. Identification of homing peptides using the in vivo phage display technology Antti Rivinoja and Pirjo Laakkonen 30. M