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Castellio gegen Calvin: Ein Gewissen gegen die Gewalt

Castellio gegen Calvin: Ein Gewissen gegen die Gewalt

          
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About the Book

Castellio gegen Calvin oder Ein Gewissen gegen die Gewalt ist eine historische Monografie von Stefan Zweig aus dem Jahr 1936. Zweig verschlusselt darin seine Wahrnehmung des Nationalsozialismus und ubt mit der Darstellung der Vorgange im calvinistischen Genf des 16. Jahrhunderts zugleich Kritik am Totalitarismus der s. Die Interpretation von Castellio gegen Calvin muss im Kontext der Zeit 1936 geschrieben, also drei Jahre nach der „Machtergreifung“ der NSDAP in Deutschland, behandelt es den Kampf eines „Gewissens gegen die Gewalt“, wobei die Figur Calvins eindeutige Parallelen zu Adolf Hitler aufweist. Der schon wuchernde Faschismus in Deutschland durfte Zweig in tiefe Besorgnis versetzt und dazu veranlasst haben, nach Triumph und Tragik des Erasmus von Rotterdam (erschienen 1934) ein zweites Buch zu schreiben, das sich entschieden gegen Intoleranz und menschenfeindliche Ideologien richtet. Calvin dient Zweig fast schon als Allegorie des Antihumanismus, Castellio als einsamer Rufer fur einen friedlichen Dialog, Gewaltlosigkeit und gegenseitigen Respekt. Dass das Buch also als Kritik an der Entwicklung in Deutschland beziehungsweise in ganz Europa gedacht ist, kann nicht geleugnet werden. Zweig verleiht seiner Botschaft im Vorwort auch einen sehr konkreten politischen Aspekt, wenn er „Diese immer wieder notwendige Abgrenzung zwischen Freiheit und Autoritat bleibt keinem Volke, keiner Zeit und keinem denkenden Menschen denn Freiheit ist nicht moglich ohne Autoritat (sonst wird sie zum Chaos) und Autoritat nicht ohne Freiheit (sonst wird sie zur Tyrannei).“ Zum Genf um 1550: Der Reformator Jean Calvin regiert mit eiserner Hand als geistliches und weltliches Oberhaupt die Stadt, die von seinem Katechismus bis in die letzten Ecken durchdrungen ist. Der spanische Querdenker Miguel Servet will Calvin Fehler in seiner Auslegung der Heiligen Schrift nachweisen, Calvin verweigert jedoch die Diskussion und reagiert mit Servet wird am 27. Oktober 1553 in Genf bei lebendigem Leibe verbrannt. Der Humanist und Antipode Calvins, Sebastian Castellio, Professor an der Basler Universitat, schreit auf und fuhrt die Feder wie eine Lanze im Kampf des Gewissens gegen die Gewalt, einen Kampf den er selber mit „die Mucke gegen den Elefanten“ betitelt. „Einen Menschen toten, heißt niemals, eine Lehre verteidigen, einen Menschen toten“, so lautet die Position Castellios, die der Calvins diametral entgegensteht. Ein schwerwiegender Konflikt zwischen den beiden Streitenden scheint unausweichlich und es steht zu befurchten, dass Calvin ihn, wie schon bei Servet, nicht auf geistiger Ebene zu fuhren bereit ist, sondern auch Castellio nach dem Leben trachtet. Doch so weit kommt es Der Humanist stirbt ausgemergelt und erschopft von seinem Kampfe gegen Calvin am 29. Dezember 1563.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783946619116
  • Publisher: Boer
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • Language: German
  • Width: 437 mm
  • ISBN-10: 3946619118
  • Publisher Date: 8/16/2016
  • Height: 211 mm
  • Weight: 22 gr

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