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Candide, ou l'Optimisme

Candide, ou l'Optimisme

          
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About the Book

Candide ou l'Optimisme est un conte philosophique de Voltaire paru à Genève en janvier 1759. Il a été réédité vingt fois du vivant de l'auteurn 1, ce qui en fait l'un des plus grands succès littéraires francophones. Seulement un mois après sa parution, six mille exemplaires avaient été vendus, nombre considérable pour l'époque1. Prétendument traduit d'un ouvrage du Docteur Ralph (qui, en réalité, n'est que le pseudonyme utilisé par Voltaire), avec les additions qu'on a trouvées dans la poche du docteur 2, cette oeuvre, ironique dès les premières lignes, ne laisse aucun doute sur l'identité de l'auteur, qui ne pouvait qu'être du parti des philosophes. Candide est également un récit de formation, récit d'un voyage qui transformera son héros éponyme en philosophe, un Télémaque d'un genre nouveau. Contextes Contexte philosophique Ce texte pose un problème philosophique par le truchement de la fiction. Dans cette optique, il s'inscrit dans un débat important du xviiie siècle à propos du fatalisme et de l'existence du Mal. Voltaire est farouchement opposé aux idées du philosophe Leibniz au sujet de Dieu, de son principe de raison suffisante et son idée d' harmonie préétablie . Il est d'autant plus véhément que sa maîtresse, pour laquelle il éprouvait beaucoup d'admiration, Émilie du Châtelet (morte dix ans plus tôt, en 1749), était une adepte convaincue de Leibniz3. Pour lui, si Dieu est parfait, le monde ne peut pas l'être, mais Dieu l'a créé le meilleur possible. Le mal existe ponctuellement, mais il est compensé ailleurs par un bien infiniment grand4. De plus, selon Leibniz, rien n'arrive sans qu'il n'y ait à cela une cause nécessaire5. Cette croyance est ce que l'on appelle l'optimisme leibnizien. Voltaire voit dans cette philosophie un encouragement au fatalisme. Il oppose à cet optimisme qu'il juge béat, une vision lucide sur le monde et ses imperfections et il affiche, notamment dans ses lettres philosophiques6 une forte confiance en l'homm


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9791041929948
  • Publisher: Bod Third Party Titles
  • Publisher Imprint: Shs Editions
  • Height: 210 mm
  • No of Pages: 142
  • Spine Width: 8 mm
  • Width: 148 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1041929943
  • Publisher Date: 04 Apr 2023
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: French
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 195 gr


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