The current major problems in particle physics and astrophysics are the source of possible new features: of The Standard Model, of the nature of Dark Matter, of the nature of Dark Energy, and of the nature of the Big Bang. In this book we propose an extended version of The Standard Model based on earlier work that adds another SU(2)X U(1) symmetry to the usual Standard Model, and an accompanying set of particles that we propose are the constituents of Dark Matter. This additional symmetry follows directly from a geometrical foundation for space-time within a 16 dimensional flat space that we call the Flatverse. Upon introducing a form of quantum coordinates we find that The Standard Model in those coordinates has no infinities, that the Big Bang is finite (no singularity), and that the Dark Energy that fuels the expansion of the universe has inflatons that consist of the imaginary part of the quantum coordinates - a free abelian gauge field. This field first stabilizes the universe in the Big Bang period and then causes a massive inflationary expansion. The complete theory has a remarkable convergence of features that remove infinities, identify the nature of Dark Matter and of Dark Energy, specify a physically acceptable Big Bang, and predict the observed expansion of the universe. In addition we address the recently reported discovery of the Higgs particle that "explains" the origin of the masses of the other elementary particles but does not explain the origin of the Higgs particle mass terms and thus leaves open the ultimate question - What is the origin of mass and inertia? We show that the only final answer can be that it arises as a separation constant in Higgs dynamic equations that include coordinates of this universe and a sister universe. These two 8-dimensional universes are embedded in the 16-dimensional Flatverse. Thus the sister universe is the ultimate source of mass and inertia for our universe. The Flatverse is an absolute reference frame that is consistent with Einstein's General Relativity according to General Relativists. The Flatverse very nicely provides an environment for the two universes - joining them together to provide mass and inertia at their most fundamental level as well as providing, at last, a concrete definition of inertial reference frames. Result: a fundamental synergy between mass, inertia, and inertial frames. In recent weeks major experimental findings on Dark Matter have been presented that at last begin to clarify the nature of Dark Matter and its interactions with "normal" matter. These findings are consistent with a Dark Matter SU(2) X U(1) set of interactions that parallels, to a great extent, the known ElectroWeak interactions of normal matter. We will explore a detailed theory of Dark Matter interactions, and their relation to ElectroWeak interactions in this book. It is based on our previous work. In the previous work we did not specify a relation between ElectroWeak and "DarkWeak" interactions due to the absence of experimental data. With the information now in hand we can develop a detailed relationship. Lastly, the book emphasizes again our belief that the origin of particle physics lies in a combination of Asynchronous Logic and space-time geometry."