Biodiversity is the basis for human livelihood and survival. Biodiversity is absolutely crucial for a sustainable food production to feed the growing population of the world. Therefore, efforts have been expended in inviting excellent articles from renowned scientists of India and abroad and compiled in following volumes as an informative source of reference book for budding scientists. The aim of this book is to present the current development in selected areas of Bioresources for rural livelihood covering relevant information from the different fields of biodiversity and ecology. Since it is not possible to be comprehensive within the confines of a single volume, we have carefully selected topics that have attained a certain level of maturity and shown promise in making a significant impact on biodiversity, ecology, animal health and food production in the near future. This volume-III is meant to be a comprehensive set of reviews of our existing knowledge in biodiversity and ecology. 42 Chapters of this book are broadly divided into 2 sections. Biodiversity aspects of bioresources are covered under initial 24 Chapters, followed by 18 Chapters dealing with Ecological aspects.About the AuthorG.K. Kulkarni, M.Sc.Ph.D., Sigma ?i (USA), FAZ, FZSI, FIAES. (Borne: 1950) is the Professor of Zoology (Animal Physiology, Inverterabrate Endocrinology, Ecology and Environmental physiology & Toxicology), Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad. He had 35 years of research experience with specialization in annelid and crustacean physiology and endocrinology. The subjects he has taught include Comparative Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Ecobiology, Ecotoxicology & Environmental Physiology, Cell Biology and Biological Chemistry, Immunology and Biotechnology. His other academic credentials include the Ideal Teacher Award from Lion's International (Sept. 5, 2001), Congress of Zoology Gold Medal from Zoological Society of India (Dec. 2002), Dr. J.S. Datta Munshi Gold Medal from Zoological Society of India (Oct. 2005) and Indian Academy of Environmental Sciences Gold Medal (Sept. 2009) for outstanding work in Zoology and Environmental Science. He is recognized guide for Ph.D. degree in the Subject : I) Zoology, II) Environmental Science and III) Interdisciplinary Sciences. 25 students obtained Ph.D. degrees under his guidance on various aspects. He has published, individually and jointly, more than 130 research papers in various reviewed individually and jointly, more than 130 research papers in various reviewed journals of national and international repute. He has edited 3 books and written many scientific popular articles. He has completed 8 major research projects funded by UGC, CSIR, DST and Ministry of Environmental & Forests, New Delhi. He has traveled widely in connection with International conferences and research work, VISITING Professor also in many universities i.e. U.S.A. Duke Univ., Tulane Univ., Univ. of South California, etc. He worked on various aspects of than 10 national level scientific journals, life member of more than 10 national level scientific societies, and examiner for M.Sc., M.Phil. and Ph.D. degree of more than 30 Indian universities. He is the elected President of Section on Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Science of 97th Indian Science Congress held in 2010 at Kerala University, Thiruvananthapuram. Dr. B.N. Pandey (b 1946) Former and Head, Dept. of Zoology, and Dean, Faculty of Sciency, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar has a brilliant M.Sc. and was awarded the gold medals. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in the year 1975. He has not been only an outstanding teacher and scholar but a great researcher, for which he has been awarded many honour and awards, which include Congress of Zoology Gold Medal in 1995 & 1998, Dorabjee Tata Gold Medal (2000) and Century Eminent Scientist Gold Medal (1998-2000) by the Zoological Society of India; Scientific of the Year – 2002 Gold Medal by National Environmental Science Academy, New Delhi, "SIKSHA RATAN Puraskar" in the year-2007 and fellowships of several learned societies of India. Dr. Pandey published over 175 research papers, 40 books, and supervised successfully 42 Ph.D. students. He was elected as President, Section of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries of 83rd Indian Science Congress Association in January 1996. Dr. N.C. Datta, M.Sc., Ph.D.,is a FormerProfessor & Head of the Department of Zoology and Former Coordinator of M.Phil. Program in Environmental Science of University of Calcutta, Kolkata. He is born on 1st Jan, 1934, He has 55 years of research and teaching experience & published more than 250 research papers in various journals of national and international repute. He guided 55 students for their Ph.D. degree. He is the Fellow of National Institute of Ecology, National Environmental Science Academy, Marine Biological Association, Institute of Landscape Ecology & Ekistics, W. Bengal Academy of Science & Technol