Over fifty years ago the German historian Fritz Fischer published his famous book Germany's Aims in the First World War. It departed from the established consensus that many countries and governments had a shared responsibility for the outbreak of the war, and put the onus primarily on
Germany. The book initiated a fierce international debate which Fischer seems to have mostly won. By the middle of the 1970s many of his controversial positions had become mainstream. More recent research, however, started to question this consensus again. Many scholars moved away from focusing on
the responsibility of individual countries or politicians and turned to the complex structures and mechanisms of the international system. How does this systemic perspective alter the importance Fischer's findings and interpretations?

This volume brings together the latest research by many of the most prominent historians of the First World War from a wide range of countries and it presents the most important trends and results of recent international scholarship, frequently based on new archival findings unavailable to Fischer
at the time. By concentrating on key controversial areas of his arguments and asking which of his assumptions and interpretations still stand the test of new research, the essays in this book provide an excellent and focused overview of the complex history of the outbreak of the war. However, they
also demonstrate that no clear new consensus has emerged so far regarding a comprehensive explanation for what still has to be seen as the great seminal catastrophe of the twentieth century (G. F. Kennan).

About the Author:
Andreas Gestrich read history and Latin at the universities of Berlin (FU) and Tubingen. He is a social historian and has published widely on the history of the family, of poverty, and of the welfare state in modern Germany and Europe. He taught at the universities of Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, and
Wurzburg before he was appointed full Professor of Modern History at Trier University in 1997. Since 2007 he has been Director of the German Historical Institute London. He has also published on German youth in the First World War, and edited volumes on violence in twentieth-century warfare and on
nineteenth- and twentieth-century pacifism.

Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann read history, philosophy, and geography at the universities of Bon, Berlin, and Hamburg, where he worked with Fritz Fischer. In 1962 he won a scholarship to Oxford where he did his doctorate. He taught at the universities of Sussex and Oxford 1970-2005 and was Visiting
Professor at universities in America, Namibia, and East Germany.