Culture is the element that constantly changes and interacts. One of the areas that intense interaction can be seen is visual art and fashion. Georg Simmel describes fashion as a desire to change, and emulation. The inspirations from different cultures play an important part in the emergence of the "new" concept in fashion. After the Industrial Revolution, the Western culture has been influential on the East. However, it is also possible to see the influence of the Eastern culture on the West. So, how have the West and the East been inspired and benefited from each other to enrich their art and culture? In this thesis, interactions between East and West are examined. I especially focused on the interactions concerning visual arts, fashion, and beauty concepts since intense interaction is seen in those areas. First of all, I examined the general westernization process of Eastern countries, and bring the general character of westernization processes into sharp contrast. I select Japan and Turkey as representatives of Eastern countries that have been affected by the West, since these two countries have modernized quickly after establishing their own civilization. Meiji Japan and the early Republic period of Turkey took advantage of nationalism as a means of establishing modern nation-state. In this process, their female identity also had transformed drastically. Thus, influence of westernization movement on female identity in Japan and Turkey is also examined. In terms of visual art and cultural aspects, the West and the East have interacted intensely. The East helped to change Western common sense with its exotic elements. Especially, arts such as ukiyo-e in Japan, and Ottoman textile have gathered attention and inspired the Western artists. The interest of the West toward the Orient extends to fashion. Kimono in Japan and şalvar in Turkey had been seen as a quite novel design on the Westerners' eyes; and those designs inspired Western designers to create unconventional, yet practical clothes. On the other hand, when it comes to the influence of the West on the Eastern culture, it was not limited to the change of the political system and the rise of women's rights. It has also been a big influence in terms of visual culture and fashion. Comfortable and practical clothes inspired by the Orient have been developed and popularized by designers such as Paul Poiret, and have been introduced in magazines, and consumed by Japanese and Turkish upper-class. Many of them adopted eclectic fashion, which is composed of indigenous and Western fashion, since tradition persisted. Gradually, Eastern beauty sense also has been westernized, and many of the young generation pursued the ideal European look. As a result, the traditional East and the innovative West have inspired each other and undergone drastic changes affecting one another. And those changes went beyond imitating each other.