About the Book

Mechanical Engineering is often thought of as the most basic type of engineering work - after all, the wheel is probably the first of this field’s major inventions. More recently mechanical engineers were responsible for much of the Industrial Revolution’s innovations like the steam engine, internal combustion engines, turbines, compressors, pneumatic machines, machine tools, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, etc.
This book is written with an intention to introduce the basic concepts of mechanical engineering. It is a unique book of its kind designed to suit the core engineering course offered to first-year engineering students of all disciplines. The readers will find it highly useful as a comprehensive text covering the basic principles. The text is supplemented with excellent quality illustrations, variety of solved and exercise problems, objective type questions. The “Point to Remember” section provides all important formulas and concepts.

About the Author

Dr. Basant Agrawal obtained his B.E. and M.Tech. from Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, and Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. He was awarded gold medal in M.Tech. by Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya Bhopal and promising research award from BAG Energy Research Society Varanasi. Presently, he is Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Shri G S Institute of Technology and Science Indore. Dr Basant Agrawal has over 10 years of teaching experience. His broad areas of interest include thermal engineering, heat transfer, solar energy and passive building design. He has published over 35 research papers in various international/national journals and conferences. He is a life member of Indian Society for Technical Education and Institution of Engineers (India). Dr. C. M. Agrawal obtained his B.E. from BIT Sindri, and M.Tech. and Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He received “Best Application Oriented Paper Award” at AIMTDR, Jadavpur University, in 1988. Presently, he is professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal. He is having over 40 years of teaching experience at undergraduate and postgraduate level and guiding research scholars. His broad areas of interest include engineering drawing, industrial and production engineering. He has published/presented over 47 research papers in various international/national journals and conferences. He is a life member of Institution of Engineers (India).

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Engineering Materials 1.1 Classification of Engineering Materials 1.2 Cast Iron 1.3 Classification of Cast Iron 1.4 Plain Carbon Steel 1.5 Alloy Steel 1.6 Iron-Carbon Diagram Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Answers Chapter 2: Properties of Materials 2.1 Mechanical Properties 2.2 Stress 2.3 Strain 2.4 The Tension Test 2.5 The Stress-Strain Diagram Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Problems Answers Chapter 3: Testing of Materials 3.1 Tensile Test 3.2 Shear Test 3.3 Hardness Test 3.4 Fatigue Failure Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Answers Chapter 4: Mechanical Measurements 4.1 Temperature Measurement 4.2 Pressure Measurement 4.3 Velocity Measurement 4.4 Flow Measurement 4.5 Strain Measurement 4.6 Force Measurement 4.7 Torque Measurement 4.8 Errors in Measurement 4.9 Uncertainties Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Answers Chapter 5: Metrology 5.1 Accuracy and Precision 5.2 Vernier Calliper 5.3 Micrometer 5.4 Dial Gauge 5.5 Slip Gauges 5.6 Sine Bar 5.7 Combination Set Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Problems Answers Chapter 6: Machine Tools 6.1 Lathe 6.2 Drilling Machine 6.3 Milling Machines 6.4 Shaping Machine Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Answers Chapter 7: Fluid Mechanics 7.1 Properties of Fluids 7.2 Viscosity 7.3 Pascal's Law 7.4 Pressure Variation with Depth 7.5 Hydrostatic Law 7.6 Energy and its Form 7.7 Continuity Equation 7.8 Bernoulli's Equation for Incompressible Fluids 7.9 Viscous and Turbulent Flow Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Problems Answers Chapter 8: Fluid Machineries 8.1 Fluid Coupling 8.2 Pump 8.3 Compressors 8.4 Hydraulic Turbine 8.5 Hydraulic Power Plant 8.6 Pneumatic Machines Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Answers Chapter 9: Laws of Thermodynamics 9.1 Joule Apparatus and Mechanical Equivalent 9.2 First Law of Thermodynamics 9.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 9.4 Perpetual Motion Machine of Second Kind (PMM-2) Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Problems Answers Chapter 10: Properties of Steam 10.1 Industrial Use of Steam 10.2 Phase Transformation of Water During Constant Pressure Process 10.3 Effect of Pressure on Saturation Temperature 10.4 Condition of Steam 10.5 Quality of Steam 10.6 Steam Tables and Their Uses 10.7 Sensible Heat 10.8 Latent Heat of Vaporization 10.9 Enthalpy of Steam 10.10 Specific Volume of Steam 10.11 Internal Energy of Steam 10.12 Entropy of Steam 10.13 Determination of the Quality of Steam 10.14 Thermodynamic Processes of Vapors 10.15 Constant Pressure Process 10.16 Constant Volume Process 10.17 Constant Enthalpy Process 10.18 Constant Entropy Process Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Problems Answers Chapter 11: Steam Boilers 11.1 Classification of Boilers 11.2 Simple Vertical Boiler 11.3 Cochran Boiler 11.4 Lancashire Boiler 11.5 Locomotive Boiler 11.6 Babcock and Wilcox Boiler 11.7 Boiler Mountings and Accessories 11.8 Performance of Boiler 11.9 Evaporative Capacity 11.10 Equivalent Evaporation 11.11 Boiler Efficiency 11.12 Overall Efficiency 11.13 Boiler Draught Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Problems Answers Chapter 12: Refrigeration Systems 12.1 Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System 12.2 Vapor-Absorption Refrigeration System 12.3 Comparison between Vapor-Compression and Vapor-Absorption Refrigeration Systems 12.4 Refrigerant Properties Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Answers Chapter 13: Steam Engines 13.1 Classification of Steam Engines 13.2 Components of a Steam Engine 13.3 Terminology 13.4 Working of a Simple Steam Engine 13.5 Theoretical or Hypothetical Indicator Diagram 13.6 Actual Indicator Diagram 13.7 Determination of Theoretical Mean Effective Pressure 13.8 Diagram Factor and Determination of Actual Mean Effective Pressure 13.9 Indicated Power of Steam Engine 13.10 Brake Power of Steam Engine Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Problems Answers Chapter 14: Air Standard Cycles 14.1 Assumptions 14.2 Need of Analysis 14.3 Terminology 14.4 Carnot Cycle and its Efficiency 14.5 Otto Cycle and its Efficiency 14.6 Diesel Cycle and its Efficiency 14.7 Comparison of Otto and Diesel Cycles Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Problems Answers Chapter 15: Internal Combustion Engines 15.1 Classification 15.2 Components 15.3 Working of Four-Stroke Petrol Engine 15.4 Working of Four-Stroke Diesel Engine 15.5 Working of Two-Stroke Petrol Engine 15.6 Working of Two-Stroke Diesel Engine 15.7 Comparison of Petrol and Diesel Engines 15.8 Comparison of Four-Stroke and Two-Stroke Engines 15.9 Comparison of External Combustion and Internal Combustion Engines Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Answers Chapter 16 Power Plant 16.1 Classification of Power Plants 16.2 Steam Power Plant 16.3 Hydraulic (Hydro) Power Plant 16.4 Nuclear Power Plants 16.5 Diesel Power Plant 16.6 Gas Turbine Power Plant 16.7 Solar Energy Conversion System 16.8 Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) 16.9 Tidal Energy Conversion System 16.10 Geothermal Energy Conversion System 16.11 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) System Points to Remember Key Terms Objective-Type Questions Review Questions Answers Annexure I: Steam Tables Annexure II: Boiler Mountings and Accessories A.1 Boiler Mountings A.2 Accessories Points to Remember Key Terms Review Questions Model Question Papers Test Paper - 1 Test Paper - 2