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Análisis de la expresión inmunohistoquímica en cáncer colorrectal: Tipo convencional, serrado y con inestabilidad de microsatélites

Análisis de la expresión inmunohistoquímica en cáncer colorrectal: Tipo convencional, serrado y con inestabilidad de microsatélites

          
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About the Book

Bajo el término de cáncer colorrectal (CCR), se engloban todos aquellos carcinomas que afectan al colon y al recto. Este tipo de cáncer ocupa la 4a posición a nivel mundial en cuanto a frecuencia, afectando casi por igual a hombres y mujeres. En los países occidentales es el 2° tipo de cáncer más frecuente en incidencia (n° de casos nuevos por cada 100000 habitantes/año) y se estima que provoca más de medio millón de muertes cada año. La edad media de aparición está entre los 70 y los 71 años. La mayor parte de los pacientes afectados por este tipo de cáncer tienen más de 50 años, aunque existen algunas formas de CCR que pueden afectar a individuos más jóvenes.La aparición de este tipo de cáncer está no solo relacionada con factores genéticos y hereditarios. Existen una serie de factores de riesgo modificables estrechamente vinculados a esta neoplasia como la dieta, el estilo de vida o el tabaquismo. En general se sabe que el CCR posee un origen multifactorial.Histológicamente, existen diferentes tipos de CCR con diferencias significativas en cuanto al pronóstico y al tratamiento. La mayor parte de estos cánceres (aproximadamente el 95%) son adenocarcinomas originados en el epitelio de la mucosa de colon y recto. Sin embargo existen otros tipos menos frecuentes como tumores carcinoides, tumores estromales, linfomas o sarcomas. Hasta hace unos años se creía que todos los adenocarcinomas de colon estaban provocados por los mismos agentes y que por ello, todos evolucionaban de igual modo. Pero en los últimos años se han observado diferencias importantes en la génesis de los mismos, estableciéndose así diferentes subgrupos de CCR originados por diferentes vías carcinogenéticas con diferentes alteraciones moleculares en cada una de ellas: en el carcinoma colorrectal convencional (CC) suele estar alterada la vía Wnt/beta catenina y las alteraciones genéticas más frecuentes suceden en el gen APC (Adenomatous poliposis coli), en los carcinomas colorrectales serrados (CS) suele estar alterada la vía MAPK/ERK con alteraciones genéticas en los genes KRAS y BRAF y en los carcinomas colorrectales con inestabilidad de microsatélites alta (CCR MSI-H) están alterados los genes que se encargan de reparar el ADN (vía MMR ó missmatchrepair).El estudio inmunohistoquímico se basa en la reacción que ocurre entre un antígeno y un anticuerpo. El desarrollo de técnicas inmunohistoquímicas para el diagnostico de diferentes tumores, ha sido de gran ayuda en los casos en los que el diagnostico morfológico convencional (llevado a cabo con colorantes como la hematoxilina y la eosina) es insuficiente para llegar al diagnóstico preciso de cada tipo de cáncer. Hoy día existen numerosos marcadores inmunohistoquímicos, como las citoqueratinas 7 y 20 (CK7 y CK20 respectivamente), cuyo uso está ampliamente extendido en el diagnóstico de diferentes neoplasias.Tradicionalmente, el CCR ha presentado un patrón inmunohistoquímico caracterizado por la positividad para los marcadores CK20 y CDX2, y negativo para la CK7. No obstante, la definición molecular de diferentes subtipos histológicos del cáncer de colon implica un exhaustivo estudio del patrón inmunohistoquímico de los mismos, tal y como se plantea en este proyecto.Desde el punto de vista terapéutico es imprescindible obtener un diagnóstico inmunohistoquímico y molecular preciso, ya que existen tratamientos muy específicos para algunos subtipos de CCR.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781533094438
  • Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Publisher Imprint: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 100
  • Series Title: Spanish
  • Sub Title: Tipo convencional, serrado y con inestabilidad de microsatélites
  • Width: 152 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1533094438
  • Publisher Date: 22 May 2016
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Spanish
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 7 mm
  • Weight: 195 gr


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