The book searches for the predecessors of man based on the unique exclusives of the human body. The book gives highly anticipated answers to the most insistent questions such as: which hominid line leads to Homo sapiens? What was the trigger mechanism of anthropogenesis? How and why there was a transition to an upright posture? Why some species of hominoids managed to start using their intellectual and cultural potential much more actively than others, having had approximately the same abilities and anatomical and physiological features of the nervous system. How did consciousness originate? Despite the astonishing development of palaeoanthropology, there is little empirical understanding of the critical issues involved, namely: how an almost naked creature so poorly physically adapted to the wild environment could survive whilst leaving a comparatively safe tier of the tropical forest and walking on the ground on short, crooked and weak legs. How did man evolve from his fourhanded ancestors? Primates have existed for tens of millions of years and they are very well studied, except in one important aspect: the ancestors of apes among primates cannot be identified in the fossil record. After all, this is the most intriguing question because we are talking about the ancestors of beings from which people supposedly descended. Studying tailed monkeys, both modern and fossil, did not give an answer to the question of the line leading to the tailless Hominoid apes. The book is able to give an evolutionary response to even such a difficult question as why apes have lost a tail, which is not a redundant organ in the tropics where there are many mosquitoes, if monkeys have it and widely use it in everyday life. Why was it necessary to lose the tail? How did it come to be absent in orangutans and gorillas? It develops a new perspective on the cause of the origin of consciousness as communication between the different structures of one brain; one can talk about the endogenous origin of consciousness. The fundamental idea of the study of human evolution is the consideration of the phenomenon of human consciousness, not as a result of the slow, progressive development of the animal psyche but as an inversion, a decisive turning-point of the psyche from the animal from which man originated. The concept offered in the book allows readers to discover the secret of the beauty of the human body in a new way. In addition, it significantly expands the horizons of thinking, freeing it from many stamps. To substantiate the concept, the author draws many bright and interesting scientific facts, considering them from an unexpected viewpoint. He does not bypass the difficult questions of the theory of anthropogenesis, and moreover raises new questions of anthropogenesis and psychogenesis. The book diminishes a large gap between discoveries in palaeoanthropology and their interpretations.