Excerpt from Advance Chapter From Contributions to Economic Geology, Vol. 1: Short Papers and Preliminary Reports, 1909

There is also a common division of the district into two parts, one east of Sacramento River and -one west. This division. Is useful for purposes of geographic description, but although there are certain differences in the deposits characteristic of opposite sides of the Sac ramento, this distinction is often exaggerated.

Redding, the county seat and the principal town of the region, with a population of about is the chief distributing point for the mines. It is about 10 miles southeast of the west end of the crescent and 20 miles southwest of the east end. Other important settlements have sprung up near the chief mines and smelters; among these are Keswick (now largely deserted), Coram, Kennett, Copper City, Winthrop, and Ingot. The Portland branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad crosses the western part of the region and provides outlet for the smelting towns of Keswick, Coram, and Kennett, and indirectly for the mines on the west side of the Sacramento. Two companies, the Mountain and the Mammoth, have built private rail road lines connecting their mines with their smelting plants, located respectively at Keswick and Kennett; one of these, the Mammoth, and one other, the Balaklala (which also transports for the Trinity Company), connect mine and smelter with aerial tramways. The Bully Hill and Afterthought districts have been served by the Anderson and Bellavista Railroad, 8. Private branch from the Southern Pacific which terminates at Bellavista, from which these districts are, respectively, 15 and 12 miles distant. The Sacramento Valley and Eastern Railroad, recently completed, now gives to the mines and smelter of the Bully Hill district direct connection with the Southern Pacific; and the principal company in the Afterthought camp, it is understood, hopes soon to extend the Anderson and Bellavista line to its property.

The heavy precipitation of the rainy season of winter and early spring acts as a serious impediment to the mines dependent on wagon transportation, but in other respects the climate is on the whole favor able to efficient operation, the temperature being moderate and snow falls light and of short duration. Abundant power is available from the streams and has been utilized to a considerable extent, through the medium of electricity, for mining operations and for other purposes. Timber for building and for use in the mines is still plentiful in the surrounding neighborhood.

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